Simple research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

unanalyzable - Research Paper ExampleTherefore, this essay argues that in order to better solve tender problems, we should go beyond the concepts of charity and social responsibility, to a solution that focuses on the diversity of our values, the complexity of our social problems, and a practical approach toward understanding and solving them. Social entrepreneurs possess a powerful combination of decease vision and creativity. Social entrepreneurs view problems as opportunities. Social Entrepreneurship A Better Solution to Social Problems The trade has a very important role in attaining the needs, objectives, values, and interests, which argon vital to a well-functioning society. Market processes are vital to the creation and delivery of products/services. However, the government can serve an important function in price products/services in a manner that is compatible with social and moral principles, not merely fiscal concerns. The government should assign value to activities t hat promote humans interest or the greater good, and then let the market operate within these values and carry out its own functions (Yunus, 2010, 162). Businesses go away always take a shit a strategy to take advantage of the market and generate products/services that will eventually pay the societys values and interests. Businesses have shown that they can react immediately to market prospects. Once the public begins to put a price on values, such as free education, health care, and sustainable energy, businesses will formulate a strategy to tap on the markets and meet the demand for those social services. Businesses are the origination of a societys wealth they produce the resources that make social development possible (Light, 2010, 43). The market can be controlled to support and strengthen social values. The market is unprincipled it values money and ignores social values. Nevertheless, governments, businesses, the society, and individuals can and should perform their du ties in a moral way. It is not merely achievable but inherent for the market to exhibit these moral acts if social problems are to be solved (Light, 2010, 30). Because collectivism did not result and capitalism did, the market is the best instrument society has to solve enormous social problems. The problem with socialism is that it tries to separate the producers from the means of production (Yunus, 2010, 198). But the solution to social problems rests on the unification of capital and labor. Multinationals do not have a choice but to promote corporate social responsibility. The market strongly obliges businesses to act morally and responsibly. Different stakeholders, such as employees and the community, expect businesses to focus not just on pecuniary gains but also on fair workplace practices, responsible corporate governance, and sustainability. Companies that do forgather these different stakeholder demands have a greater chance of surviving (Bornstein, 2007, 274). Curren t investors increasingly value environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Investors view CSR as a primary driver of good financial performance, and so they encourage companies to act responsibly (Bornstein, 2007, 276). Businesses, especially those large ones, realized that promoting CSR will certainly increase financial perform

The Impact of Reforms within the Milk Sector in 1984 Research Paper

The Impact of Reforms within the draw Sector in 1984 - Research Paper ExampleMilk is sold either through contract or cooperatives. The ratio of cooperatives in total draw business is different in the individual member countries of the EU because of differing dusts of agriculture. The ratio of cooperatives is the lowest in Spain and Greece (18 and 20 percent), and is the highest, in Denmark, Ireland, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (96-100 percent). Within the UK, milk and dairy products are master(prenominal)ly distributed through cooperatives.The milk takings scenario in the UK is not just limited to distribution factors but also to its production which seem to consider the general outlook of the milk sector4. The milk sector in UK is a large one and on that point are around 12 million cattle in the UK mainly reared for beef or milk production. Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs or Defra is responsible for UK milk production and marketing polity. Defra has the province for sponsorship of the dairy industry in the UK and helps to sustain the industry. The Common Agricultural Policy5 and milk quotas and UK policy on dairy are controlled and implemented by the Defra. Defra thus upholds global Milk and dairy policies and also represents UK interests at the EU Management Committee for Milk and Milk Products6.The pre-1984 scenario in the dairy sector showed higher production quantities and as there were no quota constraints, the more efficient producers could expand on a large scale whereas the to the lowest degree efficient ones had to leave milk production. Milk production quotas that were introduced by 1984 tend to thwart these market patterns and stock-still allow the least efficient milk producing units to stay in business putting a soften on the more efficient ones who have competitive advantages. There was an excess milk production in the pre-1984 scenario and the export facilities or even the disposal facilities were time consuming, expensive or even insufficient or unavailable7. What made the EU reform The additional production quota, introduced in 1984, has been designed to reduce the imbalance between deliver and demand for milk and milk products and consequently the resulting structural surpluses8. Thus with the quota system, excess production and surpluses could be handled more efficiently. Some of the factors responsible for introduction of quotas include budgetary pressures, over or excess supply of milk when productivity increased much more than the consumption and also external pressures. According to the Defra, the milk quotas system was introduced by the European Community in April 1984 in which member EU states were allocated a national quota of milk production and supply. This was done to curb excess production of dairy products and also to reduce expenditure on the disposal of surplus milk and milk products9. Pre-1984, expenditure on support and removal in the dairy sector had reached 5.2 billion euro that was 30% of the total agriculture budget10.Reform - The use of quotas/ super levies as the main instrument The quota limits were in place for EU milk production since 1984, and individual milk producers were subject to these policy changes. Following the

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

International business - Essay ExamplePartly, this may be because not all those who use the term distinguish it clearly enough from the popular notion of internationalization. Some writers, in fact, use the two terms interchangeably (Ibid.).Literature shows in that respect is no single agreed comment of globalisation, but that it may be the plan of the 1990s. According to Sklairs (1999) research, its importance is much exaggerated, but more or less books suggest it is an idea whose time has come. To sort out all these ideas, globalisation as a concept makes use of Sklairs (1999) taxonomy of perceiving globalisation in this paper towards the end. Each model is briefly discussed and analyzed from the bear down of view of sociology. The discussion tapers with a summary of these models, and as presented by Sklair (1999) makes note that they are dominated by European European-North American literature devoid of views from Asia. However, these are only done after discussions in preci pitate of how globalisation as a phenomenon has prevailed in the new millennium.What follows are how globalisation has visited the new millennium politically, economically, socially or otherwise. Globalisation, interpreted as global economic integration, is argued, as not being recent since there have been periods of globalisation over many centuries. (IPS, n.d.) It is only that there is now the increasing speed of execution of goods and services, people, capital and technology being experienced around the world. Specifically globalisation in the new millennium is marked by accelerated reduction in transport and communication costs, greater international speciality because of liberalization of trade, increasing trade in services due to the digital revolution, and increasing integration of major emerging markets into the world economy. (IPS, n.d.).Politically, Macedo (n.d.) would add, the increasing alignment of cultural standards and standards of consumption the weakening of

Essay on a religious leader - Abu Hanifa Annotated Bibliography

Essay on a religious leader - Abu Hanifa - Annotated Bibliography ExampleWhen Hanifa was growing up, the people around him were being oppressed by the rule of Abdul Malik bin Marwan. At this time also, Al-Hajjaa ibn Yusuf was the governor of Iraq. Yusuf was a staunch follower of Abdul. Amazingly, these issues did not relate Hanifa in any way. He never pursued any elementary education, instead choosing to be a businessman just like his ancestors. . His earliest business was a silk waving shop. Here, his fairness and honesty were exhibited.Hajjaj and Abdul died in 95AH and AH respectively, and this marked the start of fair rule in the area (. Good administration and justice prevailed in the land unlike in previous regimes. The new ruler, Umar encouraged and promoted education all over the land. He was so passionate about education such that every homestead was a Madrassah. As a result of this, Abu Hanifa started taking an interest in education (Khan 67). His quest for education was bo osted by the advice of as-Shabi, a respected scholar in Kufa. His keen interest in education would later have a fleshy effect on Islam. Madrassahs were Hanifas earliest source of education. Through this, Hanifa was able to learn about the script and Hadith. A jurist in kufa called Hammad assisted Hanifa greatly in his quest for Islamic studies (Umar-ali-qadri 42). Hanifa performed very salutary in his studies.Abu Hanifa declined a post in 763 by al-Mansur to be the Chief Judge. Hanifa wanted to remain independent. However, his students benefitted from his tutelage. champion of them, Abu Yusuf was instead appointed the Chief Judge of the State instead of him. When declining the post, he asserted that he was not fit for the post, a fact that illustrates his humility. Mansur was incensed by his decision to refuse his appointment (Sachedina & Esposito 176). He brand him a liar, but Hanifa responded to this by asking him that if he was indeed a liar,

Case Study - College Rigistration Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

- College Rigistration Project - Case test ExampleA clear objective should be set for each person before whatsoever action plan can begin. The objectives should be measurable, finite, meaningful and rea add upic. Then, the relevant tasks required to accomplish the set objectives should be set. At the same time, deadlines should be set for each of these tasks because tasks without deadlines do not become completed tasks.The comments inevitable for the projects schedule should also be taken into consideration for the project to be a success. Several input types willing be required to facilitate the project. These would include personal and project calendars to help understand the operative days and shifts. A description of the project scope will also help determine the gravestone start dates, major assumptions behind the plan and the key limiting factors to the project. Project risks should be clearly identified and understood to ensure that there is enough extra time to deal w ith identified risks. A list of activities and resource requirements should be determined. The management needs to understand the resource capabilities and experiences available. This would also entail evaluation of how bon ton holidays and staff vacations will affect the project schedule and detailing means of overcoming such effects.Approaches to conflict firmness would entail use of compromising technique. This is better described as a give and take rule where parties in conflict negotiate to reach a mutually satisfactory solution. Either party will cede ground to reach a decision thus leaving each person satisfied. Avoiding is another(prenominal) technique which can be used. It is better described as a withdrawal style. It entails postponing an bring on for later periods or just withdrawing from the situation altogether. This is however a provisional solution because the problem or disagreement will continue to reoccur. Another style to use would be the Smoothing technique w hich is also cognize as

Strategic Marketing Plan for Yeo Hiap Seng Ltd Case Study

Strategic Marketing Plan for Yeo Hiap Seng Ltd - Case Study ExampleThe strategic business line unit is generally concerned with the development of market opportunities, products and services, competitive strategy, resource allocation, control and structure deep down the SBU. The SBU has to fit strategically into the corporate structure in that it leads to better management of the entire organization because of the font of decentralization. This is so because a SBU is autonomous as it is in charge of its own decision making processes, budgeting and pricing. Yeo Hiap Seng expressage Company has adapted this approach with its diffuse drinks segment. This paper demonstrated how the company has succeeded in fitting the spongy drinks SBU into the corporate structure.The Groups principal activities are the manu incidenturing, sale, distribution and export of b constantlyages, sauces and canned food, instant noodles, condensed milk and non-alcoholic beverages (Company Profile Snapshot, 2008). sonant drinks assiduity in Singapore like in other countries and industries has witnessed changes over the past few years. some(prenominal) factors dedicate had an impact on the state and proceedings of the soft drinks industry. It is principal(prenominal) to note that the effects have been both positive and negative. The former is of more concern since it gives an insight into the factors that have played to get the industry to its current state.ItIt was observed that the healthy drinks play an important role. Growing health awareness encouraged by public health bodies was one of the key trends influencing the soft drinks industry in Singapore and which drove ever stronger demand for healthier beverages (Euromonitor International, 2008).Due to this, growth of the soft drinks industry continued, this was as a result of the fact that these drinks are found to be healthier than the other much sugary drinks. The health issues that surround these drinks and the facts of lif e factors make the soft drinks more marketable than other drinks.The ranges in carbonates that give variations serve to catapult soft drinks even more. With several options in carbon ranges, the consumers are able to make a selection in a set of carbonate variations this serves to increase the market.Naturally healthier drinks have a concept of novelty. It is important that the consumers appreciate some drinks cod to content. This is a factor that serves to push the consumptions levels of some specific soft drinks up and generally get the market share of the soft drinks increased.The health of the consumers as a requirement volition continue to push the market of soft drinks high. Consumers want to be well and given the health provision that is always going on, they will continue to require the drinks that will maintain or guarantee goodly health for them.The Government of Singapore has been instrumental in determining the state of the soft drinks industry. The Governments schem e to call down reduced or sugar free soft drinks have been a driving factor in the growth of the soft drinks industry in Singapore.There has been realignment of distribution for different soft drink brands due to competition among the market players. Different companies have had to change the product lines due to competition thereby modify the market equation.Education of the Singaporeans on the health issues for instance sugar consumption

Consensual Relationship Agreements Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

accordant Relationship Agreements - Case Study ExampleThis discussion stresses that there might be emails, instant messages, retrieve chats etc. while two people are in a workplace relationship. These things allow for refer the performance of the employees. Still, these might be controlled if the boss makes it clear that these things will not be appreciated in workplace but then again, there might be rebellious behavior from them. The worst nightmare, however, go off be when these people breakup and end their relationship on a bad note. This might fall upon their performance to great extremes. For example, if one is superior in rank than the other he/she might pay off biased, judgmental and the other might be discriminated against. Bad words might be exchanged and gossips around them might start which will eventually affect their work. There is also a chance that sometimes on e party might claim that he/she was pressured to be in the relationship. This can impart extreme res ults which will immediately affect companys rapport and performance.From this paper it is clear that in such circumstances, the company cannot just tell the employees that there will be no workplace relationships as this will cause rebellion which might bring aggressive responses and attitudes from employees which is even worse. Moreover, more people will do it just to show their adventurous and thrilling side. Also, this can cause frustration among employees. In smart set to avoid all of the above, an approach might be taken which is called Consensual Relationship Agreements (CRA) which is a compose contract signed by two people who are involved in a amative relationship in an organization. In such a contract, both the parties agree to certain things that mainly come up to that both of them are involved in the relationship willingly, with their full consent and are not chthonian any pressure.

Human Resources - Needs Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human Resources - unavoidably Assessment - Essay ExampleOrganizational analysis becomes necessary in some cases such as technology changes, environmental shift or when leadership changes For example in GameStop technology changes be frequent. Most important task in improving an organizations readiness is writ of execution management which is basically clarifying job responsibilities and priorities to employees and indicating the performance expectations that argon required from the employees. To improve the performance the best scenario is appropriate gentility for the employees in their own fields of lean but before that all organization goes through the performance needs assessment in which the coveted outcome that is required from the employees and the factual outcome be compared and analyzed. For this first of all the latest situation of the present and future employees skills, knowledge, talents, capabilities are assessed including the organizations internal climate p rovided to the employee (Rossetti,2009). Then the required state is analyzed and this includes the status of the exertion responsibilities and the skills, potential, efforts and knowledge required to achieve the desired position. In an efficient organization it is very necessary to boil down on critical tasks to achieve the long range production goals and non just on current practices. Long range production goals are the desired destination point in future for a comp either which requires long range strategic interventions. This analysis will produce a list for training and career development but we must first confirm that are needs are in truth real and there is a chance for proper and possible intervention. For example we will first asses that whether the occupation is costing more then its solution. HR will follow the law during the possible solution and as well as the influence of this whole effort is analyzed. Now comes the part when we search for the reasons of the low or below desired income and the question faced is whether the employees are working hard enough or are they trained the right way to do their jobs.(Goldstein,2005). If there are issues indicating and causing the low income then they may be unhappy people(customer, employee, investor) and their complaints are evident when customer satisfaction surveys, annual morale surveys are done ,poor productivity reports(too little work to be done using too many resources) show missed production schedule, poor pecuniary report( cost of sales is too high and there is inadequate cash flow), insufficient communication( omit of feedback system, lack of coordination), lack of compliance having too many violations taking place within the system. Human resource department surveys the employee turn over rate, talent management, complaints etc. If all of this is not satisfactory then the cause are analyzed and then comes the solution part all of which cannot be mended by simple training. GameStop or any company hires already experienced employees so that the issue of training is less frequent but it is not possible all the time plus job requirements change with designation or nature of the job. Needs assessment saves time ensuring that time is not wasted in teaching which is already known. Needs does not refer to the things that are desired, it refers to the difference between the things that are present and those which are

Cancer Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

genus Cancer Treatment - Essay ExampleSometimes this basis be accomplished by surgery, but the tendency of cancers to invade adjacent tissue or to spread to distant sites by microscopic metastasis often limits its effectiveness. The success of chemotherapy is often limited by toxicity to other tissues in the body. Radiation can also ca drop damage to normal tissue.Identifying causes of cancer and developing strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatments and cure of it ,form the major objectives of cancer seek. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience (bench research) to the performance of clinical trials to guage and correlate applications of the various cancer treatment. These applications include surgery, beam therapy, chemotherapy and horm hotshot therapy, and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. The attention in clinical cancer research has shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as immunotherapy and ge ne therapy, since the 1990s.The effectiveness of the various different cures and treatments for cancer can be analysed individually. According to the American Cancer Society, surgery is the oldest form of cancer treatment. It also has an important role in diagnosing and finding the extent of cancer. Advances in surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to successfully operate on a growing number of patients. Today, less invasive operations often can be done to call back tumors while saving as much normal tissue and function as possible.Surgery offers the greatest relegate for cure for many types of cancer, especially those that have not spread to other parts of the body. Most great deal with cancer will have some type of surgery. While different types of surgeries are performed in congener to cancer, it is curative surgery that is done to treat cancer primarily. Curative surgery is done when a tumor appears to be confined to one area and it is likely that all of the tumor can b e removed. It may be used alone or along with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which can be devoted before or after the operation. Sometimes radiation therapy is actually used during an operation. This is called intraoperative radiation therapy. The medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control cancer cells is called radiotherapy . Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment.Chemotherapy refers to the use of antineoplastic drugs to treat cancer. Tumors with laid-back ingathering fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the aggressive lymphomas, including Hodgkins disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy as chemotherapy affects cell-division and also as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any time. Malignancies with slower growth rates, such as indolent lymphomas do not respond as well to chemotherapy. According to Wikipedia,hormonal therapy is one of the major modalities of med ical treatment for cancer. Hormonal therapy involves the engineering of the endocrine system

Managing People-Exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing People-Exam Questions - Essay ExampleMore specifically, in small businesses equivalent that of Specialist Computers, the employee satisfaction is an important factor because if the employees do not feel catered or motivated they would prefer to switch or quit their job. And losing employees is a big issue for an organization that is run in a small scale.The processes or theories of motivation can be divided into two main(prenominal) categories. By applying these two theories, employees can be persuaded to work effectively which would be beneficial for the company (Oppapers, 2008)The center theories define and argue that the employee or an organization possesses the same needs and feelings. It emphasizes on the factors that motivate an employee. The content theories fundamentally and more specifically deal with the individual needs and aspirations of an employee. By gaining sight and understanding of ones needs, it becomes easy for the managers or authorities to make the work mastermind environment a better place for their co-workers and for the employees of the company.In 1943, Maslow represented his theory of needs. According to him, it is important to identify the needs of an employee one by one, and not collectively. It means that one should try to overcome the needs one by one because when one direct of need is acquired then it provide no longer remain a need but will become a motivation for the employees to work. As soon as one need or take of need is managed than it is important to look for another so that it can be satisfied. For him, the level of need varies from physiologic to self actualization. If we analyze his theory, the facts that come before us would be the needs that are preferred less, like the thirst or hunger should be dealt first because when these needs are fulfilled then the big issue will be easy to handle (Beck, 2003).The theories of both, Aldefer and Maslow are considered to be the best among all the presented for the organizational behavioral. As these belong to

Industrial application of energy audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Industrial application of energy audit - Essay Example1.1 primer coat Energy conservation is important in all aspects of our lives. When firms produce goods to sell or provide operate for customers they want to ensure that their services are competitively priced. In order for this to be possible firms take away to ensure that they provide these services or produce these goods at the minimum constitute possible. Energy cost is one of the main operating expenses for most firms. It is also the one that is most manageable or easiest to redress in order to gain operating efficiencies. It is therefore important that firms find ways of minimising their energy cost in order to maximise the profitability of their operations. In order to make this possible they seek the garter of energy conservation specialists/consultants who perform energy audits of facilities or equipments being employ. 1.2 Types of energy audits There are devil types of energy audits. ... mal consumption pattern fo r the items in use the bills were surveyed to tempt if the KWh usage was in keeping with the makers benchmark of the maximum energy use. The equipments were then assessed to determine if there were any defects that would result in excess energy usage. The facility was checked in terms of floor area and details were self-collected on the hours of use of these equipments. The exterior and interior of the building and equipment were checked to determine what adjustments and repairs need to be do to effect energy conservation. The energy manager (proprietor/manager) was questioned to determine critical areas that require monitoring. Sub-meters were then placed in areas of particular concern and both hourly and or daily consumption data was taken for the day. An compendium was done of the results and sources of potential energy and cost savings were identified throughout the building. Some recommendations were then make for energy conservation and maintenance measures to be put in place. 2.0 Details of the Audit Process It was resolved that the preliminary audit was the most appropriate since there were no complexities in the structure of the building. However, it involved examination of equipments which are not generally done in a preliminary audit. 2.1 Pre-Site Work Obtain facility and contact details inclusive of address and telephone number (Appendix 1) Steps were taken to identify the mediocre energy use in the industry, specifically as it relates to electricity consumption. Failing that the internet was checked to determine the energy use of specific equipment Specific energy systems and energy use were also evaluated Specific equipments used in the industry were researched to determine their annual energy (electricity) consumption

The Causes and Effects of Islamic Resurgence in Late 20th and Early Essay

The Causes and Effects of Islamic Resurgence in Late 20th and advance(prenominal) 21st century in the Middle East - Essay ExampleThe growing interest in the Islamic resurgence can be traced by several factors. Ali E.Hillal Dessouki enumerated three factors one is the increasing economic influence of oil-producing countries which are mostly Islamic an different is the concern with the security and the stability of the Persian/Arab disjunction countries and the new wave of Islamic resurgence in almost all countries where Muslims live (page 3). These interests have been the yield of the Muslims search in revitalizing Islam and the Muslim community. According to John L. Esposito et al., Muslims seek to restore Islam with the experience of Muslim decline and western domination in the late 20th century (page 37).Baath Party is a political party and movement influential among Arab communities in the Middle East, especially in Syria and Iraq. From the beginning, the Baath Party was a bla se Arab nationalist party. Socialism was originally the economic system of belief of the Party. Thematically, the name baath means resurrection or renaissance. This is the apparent initial movement that aims at rebuilding and encouraging the renascence of Arab national spirit.Most of the major proponents of ahead of time Baathist contemplation had been partially influenced by education in the West. At first, the three major proponents of Baathist thought - Arsuzi, Salah, and Aflaq highly-developed their vision of Arab nationalism to just diminutive audiences in Syria. Eventually, Salah and Aflaq joined in support the Ali al-Gailanis political relation in Iraq against the British presence during the 1940s. From then on, the movement evolved into a party with an approved constitution and executive director committee. However, the intention and purpose of the regional Baath Party was wholly surpassed and eclipsed by the regional commands of he Baath parties of Syria and Iraq. Baat h parties in Syria and Iraq severally created its own national command. These two countries were the guiding force to the rest of regional commands of the Baath Party that existed in other Arab countries like Jordan, Lebanon and Yemen. They served as a subordinate of the dominant Baath Party in Syria and Iraq. A significant spiritual rebirth of Islam occurred when the Syrian Baath merged with the Arab Socialist Party of Akram al-Hurani in 1952. They jointly formed the Arab Baath Socialist Party that successfully won at the 1954 election. It was from then on that Baath members played an important role in the politics of Syria. more(prenominal) importantly, the Baath party were instrumental in procuring the union with Egypt that led to the official and momentary termination of the party and let down of the Baathists. B. SecularismSecularism has been the factor of the Islamic resurgence. Since the year 1979 revolution, the Shiite clergy dominated the political life in contemporary Ir an. Furthermore, spectral fundamentalists in Arab communities campaign for the fusion of religious authority with temporal political power. C. NationalismIn the rebirth of Islam religion, the term nationalism is greatly regarded as Arab Nationalism. It refers to both doctrines and movements emphasizing the cultural identity and the political independence, solidarity, association, or unity of Arab people and sovereign states.The Arab nationalism developed rapidly and hit its

Information communication Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information dialogue Technology - Essay ExamplePrecisely, flying to Barcelona is the cheapest of the four computer addresss. The costs of airport transfers also vary from destination to destination and argon cheaper in Europe than in the US. For this case, it requires 34.17 in Miami, Florida, 40.30 in New York, 25.13 in Barcelona and 33.67 in Rome.Considering that the elder members of the family can both drive, there is a need that they hire a car upon their reaching in their destinations. For this case, it will cost the family 250.17 to hire a car for the entire period of stay in Miami, about 250.24 in New York, 339.62 and 268.94. The most expensive element of the trip will be the phthisis on the hotel because of the ten-day stay will cost about 2612.85 in Miami, Florida. The same services cost 2224.97 in New York City, 1885.15 in Barcelona and 10 193 in Rome, Italy. The cheapest rates of act insurance for British Airline are an assumed flat rate of 28.24 for a period of 31 days.The presented values represent the cheapest rates of travel for the first-class coaches and five-star hotels. However, the prices do not include entry charges for venues that the family may wish to play. It is therefore comparatively cheaper to tour Barcelona from London the remaining places. For this case, the total for alone the expenses up to the return journey are 3786.99 for Barcelona against higher charges for the relievo of the preferred destinations. The most expensive place to visit is Rome, for which case the family will pay 11176.90.The quoted figures are all combined for the entire family based on the age category. The figures also represent the lowest in the market, for which the family has the plectron of choosing otherwise. If they chose otherwise, the costs would rise depending on the airline that they will use. In the spreadsheet, the entered figures and their summation occur for each editorial enabling a comparative analysis of the costs of the trav el. As it emerges from the

Job search plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Job seem plan - Research Paper ExampleConsequently, the establishment forms a crucial source of natural drift reservoirs. Thus natural gas extracted from these reservoirs would be used as a source of energy.Marcellus Shale, like separate fossil fuel formations such as oil and coal, was essentially formed through decomposition of rest of plants and animals over a farseeing spell of time. Natural gas could be formed through dickens processes which include the followingThermogenic formation. This process refers to the formation of natural gas as a result of temperature and wring changes in the Earths crust resulting in abridgement effects on the overlying debris.Consequently, Marcellus Shale formation was as a result of a thermogenic formation process. Thus, the shale is a geological formation that was formed as a result of accumulation of sediments in the sea. Consequently, organic matter (such as the remains of plants and animals) was compressed at extremely high pressures f or a long time. This process resulted in the formation of thermogenic methane. The organic particles decomposed were covered in mud and other sediments. Consequently, the debris exerted pressure on the underlying organic matter. This cycle was carried on for long spells of time amounting to millions of years. Thus, with time, more and more sediments and debris was piled on the organic matter beneath the materials. This, in turn, move to exert increased pressure on the organic matter. As a result, the organic matter was compressed. Consequently, the compression resulting from the overlying debris broke down the organic matter. This process was also aided by the founding of extremely high temperatures beneath the Earths crust (Victor, and Jaffe 26). Since the crusts temperature increase with depth, at shallow deposits with low temperature, more oil was produced as opposed to natural gas. However, at deep deposits with extremely high

Effects of Music Therapy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effects of music Therapy - Research Paper ExampleMultiple cause to a unhurried result from music playback during procedure in the operate room, as it helps him to calm down and yield to the exercise of anesthesia just onwards the commencement of surgery. In this case, music tends t calm down normally tense and nervous patients when the purpose of anesthesia fails. It also works in terms of providing a positive atmosphere for the patient to cipher positively about the forthcoming surgery and the likely outcomes (Nilsson n.d.). Furthermore, on calming down a patient, it allows the patient to relax by acting as a form of distraction from the fear of undergoing surgery, perturb and foreboding. This way, performing music in the operating room helps patients cope with pain and the accompanying feeling of being in a strange environment. These concept works together with the earlier concept of a positive environment. This is because the application of music cuts back on the focus towards other likely events and feelings and directs them to music and its impact. This is rather than focusing on pain, fear and frustration, but more on the healing process and a positive outcome. In addition, the end of experience, for the patient, comes up in regard to the use of music in surgery. This concerns patient satisfaction during surgery cod to anxiety and its interaction with anesthesia. In this case, music eliminates, by a large percentage, any discomfort caused by induction of anesthesia and recovery of the patient during an operation as it. Moreover, since anxiety works adversely on patients during and after an operation, applying music during and before an operation, improves the rate of recovery in a patient and falls, substantially, the occurrence of pain and delayed recovery after surgery (Arslan et al. 2007). Still on patient experience during surgery, music plays a key role towards improving it, as hearing ability during surgery and under general anesthesia remains active. In this regard, a patient remains conscious of the audio on goings in the operating room environment thus, the use of music drowns out all other sounds (Nilsson, n.d.). This way, the patient is only commensurate to concentrate on music and its positive impact such elation in mood, elimination of anxiety and induction of relaxation. In addition, music and interactions with regional anesthesia work towards the good of the patient in coincidence to dosage. This is because application of music during surgery lowers the need for sedatives to quell pain and induce sleep. In addition, studies show that playacting music in the operating room during surgery displays substantial impact on the consumption of opioid analgesics, in that the dose rate decreases dramatically (Iblher et al. 2011). Music also lowers the amount of cortisol levels in the blood implication that, in surgery, it reduces the amount of stress in a patient. This occurs by brightening up the patient and soothing offering a pleasurable auditory stimulus. Playing music prior to surgery yield even discontinue result as compared to during and after surgery, thus preference in music playback is before. However, the music used determines the effects in that to lower stress sedative music is preferred as it has a slow pace and smooth tempo, thus the effectiveness in lowering anxiety and stress (Arslan et al. 2007). In addition, music plays a crucial role in surgery by influencing the nervous system through entraining body rhythms to decrease the activity

Progressivism, Bonus Army and the Civil Rights Movement Essay

Progressivism, Bonus Army and the Civil Rights Movement - Essay ExampleWith its reform ag residuala, the progressivism sweat was aimed at achieving efficiency in all areas of society as a response to changes made by modernization. It was determined to be aimed at addressing ideas, impulses, and major issues stemming from modernized changes in the the Statesn society. Its ideologies centered on democracy, meet municipal administration, elimination of governmental corruption, proper education for everyone, and many others. Under the theme of democracy, in that respect was overly instigation of the women suffrage movement and elimination of corruption by black voters (Roark et al. 234-235). In the municipal administration, there was creation of proper laws and legislation to govern cities as well as the creation of a bureaucratic administration system leading to the creation of a democratic municipal administration. To the progressives, corruption was a artificial lake of inefficie ncy and waste leading to formation of laws to curb it. The progressives also worked hard to improve and expand public and snobby education in America at all levels (Roark et al. 465). For a very long time now, America has been operating efficiently in several sectors of the economy as well as government as a resolution of this movement. The bonus army was a protest that was launched by the World War I veterans 1932 demanding payment of their bonuses after the congress had voted to give them these bonuses for their services in the war in 1924. However, even though they asked for these bonuses to be released to them in 1932, they were meant to be released in 1945 (McPherson 134). They marched into Washington D.C. to demand for immediate release of their bonuses. When the senate went to vote for the institutionalise requiring the veterans to be paid their bonuses, it turned out that the outcome was not masteryful as the senate defeated the heyday by 62 to 18 votes. This showed tha t the veterans were not going to be paid their bonuses. The veterans were dispatched by the state patrol where two of their members were shot dead and later the intervention of the army which led to most of them being sternly injured (OBrien 78). In a nutshell, this protest did not yield any fruits for the propagators. On the other hand, tone into the American Civil Rights Movement, almost a similar situation comes out but with slight success realized. It was a movement that relied on biblical connotations to fight racial segregation. This was under the leadership of Martin Luther King junior(a) who was a black clergyman. This was a movement that was instigated after the slavery period had ended and sought to end the massive discriminatory practices that had been instigated against the black people for a very long time. Most of the propagators were jailed and nigh killed in the quest for a society that is deeply rooted in equality. As a result of these struggles, laws were enac ted propagating equality for all Americans. However, this was only in theory but practically, many black Americans have suffered inconsistency for a continued period of time (Roark et al. 562). In conclusion, the progressive movemen

Face Recognition Essay Example for Free

Face Recognition EssayFor humans, aspects are the most significant for ocular stimuli, a fact that becomes apparent in social settingsas a species we are constantly, almost obsessively, supervise each some others faces, paying close attention to baneful details that can give some sagacity into the emotional state, level of engagement, or object of attention of our associates. Fluency with faces offers great social advantages, allowing one to pull together aspects of anothers internal thought processes and to predict their behavior. (Leopold, 2010). Explain the processes associated with face learning, appellative, and classificationConcept generally refer to the lift notion of what that category represents in ones mind. ((Robinson-Riegler, 2008). The recognition of single faces is in some ways the pinnacle of human visual performance. Because all faces have the same basic configural appearance (for example devil eyes higher up a nose and mouth, sometimes cal led the first-order configuration), individuals mustiness be identified by subtle deviations from this prototypic pattern, sometimes referred to as second-order relative nurture or configuration .To process facial identification an individual depend on the process of first-order relational information, the information about the part of an object and how those parts relate to one another. For face recognition, this would involve an analysis of the persons facial features and the relationship among those features. However, first-order relational information is not enough to recognize faces simply noticing that two eyes are above the nose, which is above the mouth, may be enough for recognition that something is a face except doesnt allow for recognition of who the face is.To recognize faces, we need second-order relational information. Second-order relational information involves comparing the first-order analysis to facial features of a typical, or average, face. This typical face is built up through experience and serves as an implicit exemplification against which we compare the faces we see. Inverting a face disrupts the encoding of second-order relational information When we deal with information, we do so in steps.One way to think of this is to picture the process of acquiring, retaining, and using information as an activity called information processing Information comes from the outside military personnel into the sensory registers in the human brain. This input consists of things perceived by our senses. We are not consciously aware of most of the things we perceive we become aware of them only if we consciously direct our attention to them. When we do focus our attention on them, they are placed in our on the job(p) fund. (Education, 2011)Even when perceivers are presented with stimuli in suboptimal conditions, the face-processing system is still capable of extracting categorical knowledge in a rapid and accurate manner. Third, category acti vation is sensitive to the typicality of group members. In categorical thinking hoi polloi direct with groups who they are familiar with. Analyze the role of encoding and retrieval processes involved with long-term memory and how this affects face recognition. Early perceptual processes (and their associated products) also appear to play an important contributory role to the contemporaries of categorical thinking.Categorization is a fundamental property of the brain. Categorical thinking streamlines most aspects of person perception, including determination making, memorial functioning, and attention processing (Cloutier, 2005). People are skilled with various levels of understanding along with other social agents. From only a few visual cues, a person is able to process exposit impressions of others, identify the sex, emotional status, and identity of conspecifics and infer the hidden internal states (example. goals, intentions) that create their plan of purpose.In social cognition, the two basic processes that serves or promotes a person perception are categorization and individuation . Individuation, in contrast to categorization, the individualistic view other people not as members of distinct social groups but rather as unique entities. Individuals are guided by two distinct cognitive processes. These two processes operate at the early stages of a persons perception, relevant with the process of object recognition. The individual is capable of making individual judgments about stimuli corresponding to prior perceptual experience.As part of the face recognition process, a face must activate a face recognition unit a stored representation of that face in memory. If activated, the person is recognized as familiar. Next, the face recognition unit must activate the person identity node which stores biographical information about the person. If activated, this biographical information becomes visible(prenominal) (Robinson-Riegler, 2008). Prior to the retrieval of information from long-term memory, however, a great deal of social-cognitive processing has already interpreted place. perceivers have resolved the perceptual puzzle of identifying social agents from available visual cues.This includes, but is not curtail to faces. (Cloutier, Discuss at least two possible errors that can occur with face recognition, such as misidentification and self-recognition. Our knowledge of our own face seems inseparable from our general knowledge of self and who we are as individuals, our likes and dislikes, our personal history. Unconscious transference, occurs when a witness fail to identify or distinguish between a address person, for example, falsely identifying an eyewitness may result to imprisonment of an innocent person Robinson-Riegler, 2008). As individuals we confront the world with our faces, from the time of birth to the time of death. The age and gender of a person are printed on their faces. Emotions are expressed in a persons facial expressions. The open and instinctive emotions that Darwin wrote about, as nearly as the hidden or repressed ones that Freud wrote about, are displayed on our faces, along with our thoughts and intentions. People have corporal attractions toward each other, a person may admire the physical attributes such as arms, and legs.In foulness of what draws one attention, the face is the first and last that is judged, whether it is beautiful in an aesthetic sense, fine or baronial in a moral or intellectual sense. The face of an individual defines a person component part and experience. Face recognition is crucially important for humans, and the vast majority of us are able to identify thousands of faces individually, or to easily pick out familiar faces in a crowdProsopagnosia or topographical memory loss are lifelong conditions that does not decrease as one grows older.

Introduction to Game Theory Essay Example for Free

Introduction to back up Theory EssayNobel Prize Citation, 1994 Game theory is a mathematical method for analysing strategic interaction. business What is strategic interaction? (Singapore attention University) Introduction to Game Theory Fall 2012 2 / 18 An caseful of a Game Flat Tire Two SMU students, Al and Bob, very con dent well-nigh their midterm exam performance in ECON 206, decided to attend a party the weekend in the lead the nal exam. The party was so good that they overslept the whole Sunday. Instead of taking the nal unprep atomic number 18d on Monday, they pleaded the professor to agree them a make-up exam. Their excuse was a at tire without a spare and any help. The professor, surprisingly, agreed. On Tuesday morning, the professor placed them in separated rooms and handed them the test. The test had just one mind Which tire? (Singapore Management University) Introduction to Game Theory Fall 2012 3 / 18 The GPA grunter Race All of you are now enrolled in EC ON 206 that will be graded on a curve. No matter how well you do in infinite terms, only 33. 3% of the students will beguile As, and only 33. 3% of the students will get Bs.Therefore, you must work hard, not just in absolute terms, but relative to how hard your classmates work. All of you are smart enough to recognize this, and after the rst scold you all hold a secrete meeting where all of you agree not to work likewise hard. What will happen in the end? (Singapore Management University) Introduction to Game Theory Fall 2012 4 / 18 Why Are Professors So Mean? Many professors have rigid rules not to fall flat makeup exams and NEVER to accept late homework assignments. Students might think the professors are so stonyhearted to behave in this way.The truth is. Most professors are actually very kindhearted (for example. ) They are automatic to give their students every reasonable break and accept every reasonable excuse But just about professors also know that this is a slippe ry slope (for example, ) if they set very exible rules, what may happen? (Singapore Management University) Introduction to Game Theory Fall 2012 5 / 18 Another Example Strategic Interactions vs. psyche Decision Problems Underlying story two students (Alice and Bob) are taking a course together.There are three e ort levels for each student work hard (utility = 5), work sometimes (utility = 2), shirk (utility = 0). go through the following two grade schemes. Grade Scheme A A students nal grade only depends on her own e ort level if a student works hard, she will get an A for authorized (utility = 10) if she works sometimes, she will get a passing grade (utility = 5) while if the student shirks, she will crumble the course for sure (utility = 0). Individual Decision Problem E ort Level Utility Disutility Net work up Hard 10 5 Work Sometimes 5 2 Shirk 0 0 (Singapore Management University)

Thinking Like an Engineeering Essay Example for Free

thinking Like an Engineeering EssaySummary of Michael Davis Thinking like an Engineer January 31, 2005 By Harley Christensen 2005 www. harleyc. com Engineers have long considered themselves to be trafficals, made possible by their coterminous general adoption and use, formal affiliations aside, of a enactment of ethics. Varying decree of ethics drafts are rough-and-ready only through the actions of the engineers who jut out by them. In his essay Thinking like an Engineer, Michael Davis gives examples of honourable challenges facing engineers , and takes direct aim at validating the use of ethical codes by the engineering profession. As a climactic opening, Davis relates the story of the Challenger space shuttle, highlighting not the disaster itself, but the quandary of an engineer, Robert Lund, responsible for approving the launch. Sandwiched between his assumed application of a professional ethical code and the wishes of a capitalistic corporation, Lund decides (seeming ly contrary to ethical code) to launch the shuttle. Given that the loss of life caused by this event is widely known, most readers would quickly conclude that Lunds decision was absolutely incorrect, without first considering the true nature of the quandary he faced.The Challenger disaster is hardly an effective example on which to base an evaluation of this type. shot Lund aside for a time, Davis gives a simplistic description of the need for ethics in engineering, and which groups are benefited as such. He establishes that members of an organized profession have need for a formalized code to conglomerate them in the eyes of those they serve. Continuing, he gives excellent explanations of how engineering ethical codes provide a guide to what engineers may sensibly expect of one another.His core point, that ethical codes provide the rules of the game for engineers. With a professional code in place, it is up to the engineers to obey the code on an individual level. Davis states t hat engineers are not held to their ethical code by anything so contingent as a promise, oath, or vow, they participate in their profession under the statutes of the ethical code on their own accord.Drawing upon Lunds decisions , Davis effectively demonstrates that in baffle for a code of ethics to be truly effective, it must be properly understood and applied. Otherwise, the benefits of world an organized profession will not be wholly realized. Davis shows that within the engineering profession, interpretation challenges exclude from both an individuals understanding of the ethical code wording, as well as the contexts in which they are to be applied.To drive his point, Davis gives a tiresome analysis of the meaning of the word public. though relevant, his definitions do little to add weight to his arguments. In closing, Davis reiterates the responsibility that professional engineers have to correctly abide by their ethical code. They alone are responsible for incorporating the code into their work, and ensuring others do the same. With the help of ethical codes, engineers, as organized professionals, can more effectively serve their clients and benefit one another.

Human Growth and Development Essay Example for Free

Human suppuration and Development EssayWithin the Hispanic culture, the generations that gravel come before us have struggled to hold off customs dutys alive and thriving. Putting emphasis on proper traditions and solemnisations is important. Our elders believe that it will keep our heritage strong. For example, thither ar two holidays that I would like to discuss, that ar important to the Hispanic culture. These two holiday celebrations are Christmas and Dia de los Muertos, or the Day of the Dead. Both of these holidays are far-famed enthusiastically, with food, family, music, and fun. My family takes pride in celebrating both of these holidays. The Day of the Dead, celebrated on November 1 and November 2 of each year, is a joyful holiday celebration, despite its morbid name. Death, particularly of a loved one, is celebrated as a new stage of life. Families decorate the graves with offerings much(prenominal) as toys, flowers, and small items that belonged to the deceas ed. This holiday is celebrated to honor the spirits, and life, of those who have died. One major cultural tradition that is celebrated during Christmas, early(a) than Christmas itself, is Posada.This tradition is celebrated during the nine days before Christmas Eve. The travel of Saint Joseph and a pregnant Mary to Bethlehem is reenacted. Two statues, one of Saint Joseph and one of Mary, are carried to three predetermined hearth where the residents are asked for shelter. Two of those houses refuse shelter for the family. The third house accepts the plea for shelter, representing the Inn Keeper who helped the family. A Novena, a prayer with the rosary, then occurs. After the prayer there is a party. The last day of Posada is the celebration of the birth of Jesus.The two cultural traditions described above have influenced not only my own progressment, yet they have in like manner helped the society develop. Within my own instruction, the environmental exposure, combined with mor e modern traditions, has helped me develop my sense of self and my own morals. The culture, as taught by our elders, has showed me the importance on the family in fostering the development of others. Within the society, the Hispanic culture, as with any culture, has helped to broaden the knowledge of others.This has helped children understand that there are differences amid people not every person is the same. Question 2 Explain the difference between an experiment, a study, and a quasi(prenominal) experiment, using detail. An experiment is used to determine a persons way and/or development by altering different characterizations of the environment. The dependent variable would represent the behavior and/or development that is expected from the experiment. The independent variable represents the measures that would be taken by the experimenter, and also represents the cause in a cause and effect relationship.For example, if a researcher was testing treatments to slow the progressi on of multiple sclerosis, the image of treatment would be called the independent variable, while the lesion scans would be called the dependent variable. There are a few circumstanceors that have to be considered before considering an experiment the regard group essential consist of members that are willy-nilly selected and equal to the experimental group the object(s) of the experiment must be accurately categorized and all experiments must be legal. A study consists of one group or person. There is no need for a control group or experimental characteristics.The function of a study is to provide discipline that is stack away and analyzed. Observing, testing, and interviewing are all techniques used in a study. A study can spark an quest in experimentation. A study can help form a hypothesis that can be used for experimentation. Many of the early development information were derived from using a study on individuals. The information that was gained from such studies lead to e xperiments changing variables, which in turn gave way to much of the information we now have published regarding humankind development.A quasi experiment is similar to a regular experiment eject for a few details While a normal experiment uses random selecting and control groups, the quasi experiment uses a matching technique. Quasi experimenting uses elaboration the process of sub-classifying or reclassifying variables. Quasi experimenting also involves tapering off down the dependent variable, known as specification. Question 3 Some developmental theorists focus on culture (Bronfenbrenner and Vygotsky) and others focus on individual history and experience (Skinner and Freud).Compare and contrast these theorists influences and how we see human development today while referring to their possible actions strengths and weaknesses. Freuds believed that a persons emotions and drives are influenced by the subconscious mind. Each person is unaware of the reasons by which they strive to fill their biological needs. For example, a woman may overeat as a way of subconsciously substituting food for frustration. Bronfenbrenner believed that a persons development was centered around their environment.The interaction between a persons biology, family, and society determines the development of that person. Any stirs in a persons environment could also change that persons development. Skinner used operant conditioning, which theorized that a specific behavior could be changed with reinforcement or punishment. Skinner believed that human development depended on the persons learning experience. This theory believed that a behavior could be changed or removed with either positive or negative reinforcement.Vygotsky hard-pressed the importance of social interaction as a fundamental role of development. Full social interaction would engage cognitive development. Vygotskys theory was that of a social development theory, similar in similitude to Piaget. Question 4 Nature vs. Nurture. Discuss the gene/environment debate in terms of the interaction of genetics, biology, maturation, learning, society, and culture. Nature and nurtureone uses our environment as a determining factor for development, while the other uses human biology as a determining factor for development.Using nature as a determining factor theorizes that human development is left to what is encoded into human DNA. With this factor, humans have no control over their own development. Using nurture theorizes that the environment controls human development. With this factor, if the environment is changed, development can also be changed. This will always be a constant debate among the psychological community because of the fact that no two people are the same, and therefore, no two people develop the same.

Form and Structure for The Mikado Essay Example for Free

Form and Structure for The Mikado Essay gibibyte and Sullivans The Mikado is an operetta and it is played sometimes melodramatically, sometimes realistically. The main theme of The Mikado is approve. Its main theme is a parody of general make do stories that start and end happily perpetually after. This makes it humorous. It is also a satire of the British Empress of India, Queen Victoria. * Although it is an operetta, the Mikado is a well-made play it has a beginning, middle and end. * Yum-Yum is in love with herself this is shown at the preparation of her marriage. Nanki-Poo does love Yum-Yum but he is scarcely looking for an escape from Katisha, and Ko-Kos love for Katisha is purely to save him from death. A lot of the story is based around execution because Ko-Kos job is gentle High Executioner. Nanki-Poo wants to be executed at one point because he thinks that he can never get Yum-Yum. This keeps the earshot interested because they would want to see how an execution would be staged as much(prenominal) staging r arly happens. This is a plot device to complicate the narrative so that the story becomes ever more farcical.For example Ko-Ko receives a message from the Mikado stating on that point has been a lack of executions so Ko-Ko essential execute someone within a month. This makes things more difficult because Ko-Ko must kill himself before he executes anyone else. Structure The Mikado conforms to a structure typical of many of the Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. This structure represents a triangle First it includes an aural chemical element of lush, enjoyable music, which get the audiences feat tapping in the theatre. Second, it includes a visual factor of a colourful, striking setting which make the audience amazed by the set.Third, it includes an intellectual factor of a ridiculous, amusing, topically satiric story, which adds comedy, and the audience laugh. The play starts with the introduction to all the characters, making it easy f or the audience to render the characters better. The situation is set and the story is structured, the conflict begins and the action gets underway. The middle lets the story flow smoothly, more suspect happenings such as when Katisha wants to give away Nanki Poos true identity.The ending is conventionally and traditionally happy with everyone gleeful. But, ironically, there are no elements of true love in the plot. Gilbert and Sullivan vary the type of songs to keep the audience entertained. There are solos, duets, trios, madrigals and full cast ensembles. Solos are used to focus the scene on only one character and how they feel. E. g. Nanki-Poo. Duets are usually used when two people are in love or if two people have a problem, e. g. Yum-Yum and Nanki-Poo.Trios are used when a lot of information is given out for the audience to take in, e. g. Yum-Yum, Peep-Bo and Pitti-Sing. Three little maids from school are we. The madrigal is birdcall before the wedding. This song is so that the characters can thoroughly enjoy themselves and it livens up the moment by quartet people singing the same thing. Probably singing in harmonious unison. The full cast ensembles are there to introduce the large characters e. g. the Mikado these songs are lively and let the audience imagine what is well-nigh to come, Miya Sama Miya Sama.

Carnival Cruise Lines Essay Example for Free

genus Circus travel Lines lavvassIn the case of Kirby vs. fair, I hold Carnival canvas Lines responsible for her injury. There be several(prenominal) reasons why, first the barman is responsible for her overall consumptions of alcohol, there is a accounting of guests that have either locomote or jumped over board and finally there is the fact that carnival never took it upon themselves to call for oxygenate lift transportation to the nearest hospital. Bartenders at Carnival Cruise Lines rely on big tabs and tips to assoil their earnings. Since they need to build up their tabs, why not get an innocent guest just expression to have a good time extremely intoxicated?I feel like the bartender encouraged the drinking by offering five-dollar certificates for the casino. The more she drank, the more free money for the casino she got. She was visibly drunk when she left the bar, the bartender should have asked a crewmember to escort her to her room and told her friend to k eep an substance out for her as a simple standard of care. Carnival Cruise Line has a history of passengers falling off or jumping off their ships, about 30 incidents a year are reported. Some of those passengers have unfortunately passed away because of this.If Carnival Cruise Line knows this, then why applyt they go above and beyond for their own guests safety device? They should have had more cameras, more detectors, and more employees that care enough about the passengers to not let them get so intoxicated. Finally, Carnival Cruise Line is negligent for not stopping immediately to rescue her. They left her in the affectionateness of the sea for almost two hours. The longer you stay in the water, the worse your injuries get. When they finally get her rearwards to ship, the independent contractor they hired as a doctor could not assist her since her injuries were of an emergency level.The unless thing the doctor did was give her pain relief medicine, which of course will nev er work for these types of injuries. besides, Carnival Cruise Line should have air lifted her to the nearest capable medical facilities, even without her accept to pay. Carnival Cruise Line could have offered to pay for at least the air lifting services, it is the least they can do for her and her family after going through this entire trauma. In conclusion, I feel Carnival Cruise Line is guilty of standards of care and negligence on their part.They are the ones that in the industry, and should provide extreme safety procedures, especially after there is a history of passengers falling or jumping over board. Also the bartender is responsible for her overall consumptions of alcohol, particularly because Carnival Cruise Lines has total control of alcohol on their ships. They do not let guests bring their own alcohol their consumption and alcohol intoxication but rely on Carnival Cruise Lines to provide that for them. As a final point, Carnival Cruise Line never took it upon them to give her proper medical attention.

A Review of the Movie Coach Carter Essay Example for Free

A Review of the moving picture Coach Carter EssayWhile some players refuse to even attempt to meet these new standards, those who roost find themselves capable of, and dreaming of a upcoming that had never once entered their minds. The following is a design review of the ch aloneenges faced by both coach carter and his team, and the decisions and methods made and used by the coach to force per unit area his team on to success both on and off the court. Summary First we will cursorily assess the challenges faced by Ken Carter as a coach and aimer to this group of green custody. He inherits a team of selfish, showy players, concerned only with their own stats and not doing the little things it takes to pip the team a gentle genius. He moves into a school that seems to be supportive of the idea that these kids throw away no prox beyond highschool and that the boys should be allowed to enjoy this temporary releif from a life where in that location are 4 times more like ly than to go to college. The students alost have issues out of doors of school with one player looking at potential fatherhood and another player involved with gangs and drugs.If this was not generous the coaches own son transfers from a private prep school in order to play for his father. A basic breakdwon of these challenges into more generic ideas would look like this. The leader moves into an organization where those underneath him have no take to be for his or the organizations values. There is no strucure in place for their success both individually or corporatly. Those in positions above him seem indifferent to the problems facing their charges, they are just trying to make it by dint of the day.Also, there is a possible challenge of dealing nepotism in regards to showing favoritism towards his own son. In order to deal with these many issues Coach Carter had to instill his own strucure from the very beginning. To be firm in his convictions and actions while maintaining the compassion that would be needed to break down the walls of his players. If he were to waver at all the players would jump on him and his cause would be lost in an instant.These players had no stability in their lives outside of the gym, so it was critical to his and their success that there was something they could cling to no matter how turbulent their lives may be. They pick out to all of these issues was respect. The players had no respect for the game, their coaches, or themselves. In order for them to change, they had to understand the value that he displace on them and to understand that he saw things in them that they had not bothered to look for. There were so many variables outside of Ken Carters control.Turbulent home life, pressure to make it out of an economically depress area, and the lack of cooperation from the students teachers and administration where lying in wait for the coach. Not only were their outside issues but there was as well issues within the team . Lack of talent was not an issue however which helped to spur the team on to success once the proper structure and motivation was fix in place. The players he was charged with starring(p) bickered amongst themselves, ignored the previous coach, and disrespected the game and their opponents while being more concerned with their own pride than winning the games.From the beginning the goal for Coach Carter was to focalisation on the wellbeing of the students, to make them winners, not just on the court but in life. He imposed strict standards and when the students failed to meet them they were met with harsh consequenses, incudling being suspend from the team and the entire team being locked out of the gy muntill their grades improbed. He put himself on the line as coach to back up the idea that he was more concerned with their progress as men and students than on their success as bsketball players.While demanding respect and dealing swiftly with indescretions by his players he als o displayed compassion towards these young men, allowing them to work their way back onto the team, and bringing one player back doubly after his cousin was chot in front of him in a drug deal gone bad. The focus on this movie was on the development of the players as people more than the basketball teams success, however the systems put in place by Coach Carter for both paths ran paralell to one another. He began with the basics, conditioning and fundementals on the court, respect and discipline in life.Moving on to offense on the court and thinking about the future in real life. This was done on both ends to prove that what sets you up for success in the future is the decisions and habits that you implement today. The things that take the life-threateningest work most often offer the greatest rewards. Application So what send word I take from this story as it relates to my future in both coaching and athletic administration. The biggest opinion that i have taken from this movie is the idea of respect and discipline. To have respect for the players i lead and the organizations within which i am given responsibilities.To lead those under me to an understanding of both their intrinsic and outside value and to press them towards growth within and outside the confines of sports and careers. Finally the concept of discipline as a means to freedom. To work so hard on the foundation of excellence so that when the upshot comes to leap forth and seize the goal, no thought will be given to the long hard hours of training and work, but the ingrained habits will propel us upwards to the realization of excellence in all our endeavors.

Psychology and Stress Essay Example for Free

Psychology and emphasize EssayIn our world today there are factors that make our life- eon a little more difficult. We all told go through these frustrations every day and some more than other are affected by them. These factors come in many assorted forms, yet they all lay under matchless category, it is called taste. Stress base impact a mortal physically, emotionally and, may be reasonable for peoples actions out of the norm. Setting up a stress management plan is a good behavior to find out how to cover this problem in our everyday lives. Stress idler be communicate through finding out what type of stress it is, how it impacts our bodies, and how to deal with stress. First of all stress can be managed just by finding out what type of stress is the cause. Stress causes our bodies to react to number that can be good or bad. According to Melinda Smith, M.A., Robert Segal, M.A., and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D. authors of the article on grounds Stress, explains the course o ur bodies come to during stress.Our bodies can kick into super hero mode and take us out of danger this is called labor or flight. Our bodies own defenses want to save our lives by confronting the problem or breedting away. This can further lead on to cause conflict in our lives. One type of stress that causes this is subtile Stress. This type of stress is cause by a full force event. This can lead to after-effects reoccurring for unmatched month. A study was conducted by the Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, citizenrys state of China, with this study consisted of analyzing acute stress. The researchers took people with acute stress and tested patients on different levels of symptoms. The study came up with a scale six dimensions and symptoms a someone my experience. The results were helpful to better assist the degree of stress a person has. Also they connected how acute stress could lead to Post Traumatic Syndrome. Its very important to find good consisting researc h to be able to find the proper sermon for each person.The next step to manage stress is the impact it has on a person. How could this affect a persons health in a positive or a negatively charged way. An shell of acute stress is a person who has experienced an earthquake afterwards has nightmares of being in the mail again. Their body is responding to emotional impact this event had on them. If we were to go back into the moment the event happened, we would be able to see how stress got this person to react and out of the situation to save their life. People go through a moments of being unstoppable like the hulk. The body gives a person strength and step-up other senses to escape. Thats a good way our body response in a while of need. After the fact is when problems start, that can change a persons life. If this problem is not address lead to psychological and mental issues. Stress can start with symptoms of cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral (Smith, Segal, Segal ). This is why people film different behaviors out of the ordinary. Also how important it is to know how much is too much stress (Smith, Segal, Segal). allow a person get this far can lead to health problems such as tall blood pressure, depression and many other issues. Lastly finding steps to manage stress is the key. conclusion a good plan that works for each person is a must. For example if a person gets stuck at the end of the line at the store and is late for work can be frustrating. People have to learn see the stressors and talk their way out of it. Tell them selfs its ok, analyze the situation and come to decision. At the end youre the one who gets mad and then have to get happy again. So if a person starts from the beginning theres so much that could be avoided. Another example is the people that were in 911 that had acute stress. This event was affecting many in different forms. Seeking treatment with a psychologist would help with the ordeal.Discussing the feelings be hind the event helped many overcome their acute stress. In addition a good way to overcome stress comes from the article of Stress Management wellness Center. The article notes how relax a person mind by writing, show a persons emotions, and getting busy by destructions. This type of mental health treatment focuses on reliving the accent one carries. Taking walks, keeping an exercise plan to help focus the energy in other direction, these goals are good to maintain health balanced. A person may also due intermediation to easy be the body and relax the mind. They can slowly start to change their outlook on life in more positive way.This can help with so much stress one deal with on a daily bases. In conclusion stress can be managed by taking control over lives by finding out what type of stress a person has, how it affects a person, and by learning to deal with it. Learning what stress is and its affects a persons life is very important to improving oneself. Its also a way to target the factors that are negative and replaces them with positive ones. Working ones health one step at a era can avoid stress that affects people every day. Also learning to relax and taking the time for one self, makes life easier on the soul. If we let stress take ownership we will never overcome it.ReferencesYEBING, Y., JINGJING, T., YUAN, J., XUFENG, L., YUNFENG, S., XIA, Z., DANMIN, M. (2011). DEVELOPMENT OF THE ACUTE STRESS RESPONSE SCALE. Social Behavior Personality An International Journal, 39(5), 713-720. doi10.2224/sbp.2011.39.5.713 Smith, Melinda, Robert Segal, and Jeanne Segal. Understanding Stress Symptoms, Signs, Causes, and Effects. Helpguide.org Expert, Ad-free Articles Help Empower You with Knowledge, Support Hope. Web. 07 Oct. 2011. http//helpguide.org/mental/stress_signs.htm. Stuff. Techniques, Exercises and Therapies for Relieving Stress. WebMD Better Information. Better Health. Healthwise, 14 Oct. 2009. Web. 07 Oct. 2011. http//www.webmd.com/balance/stress-ma nagement/stress-management-relieving-stress.

Human memory Essay Example for Free

Human commending Es recordThe investigation into whether im be ons aid memory recall has been fairly successful. The observational hypothesis participants in trail 1( actors line with images) would perform better than those in experi handstal condition 2 ( newsworthinesss without images), has been rejected therefore the null hypothesis there will be no end in condition 1 (involving grid of random words supported by images) and condition 2 (only consisting of random words) has been accepted.Only to some extent from the line graph (Condition 1 vs. Condition 2), can we say condition 1 (words with images) recalled more words than those in condition 2 (words without images) because the line for condition 1 is generally above the line for condition 2 and this fairly supports the experimental hypothesis. The results measured using important tendency and measures of dispersion moderately support the experimental hypothesis.The mean and median for condition 1 (14. 1 14. 5) was gr eater than of condition 2 (12. 6 13. 5) indicating that there is a better recall when words are companied by visual aid and this supports the experimental hypothesis. The wave (11) illustrated that info for both conditions were equally spread out, which does non necessary support the experimental hypothesis. Standard deviation, a more reliable measure of the dispersion than range has shown data in condition 2 (3. 977715704) is slightly more spread out than in condition 1 (3. 604010112).Descriptive statistics (numerical graphical) pass illustrated that condition 1 (words with images) performed better and this supports the experimental hypothesis. Not only do the numerical statistics support the hypothesis but the results are fairly pronounced, simply by looking at the line graph (graphical statistics) there is definitely a difference between both conditions although the Mann-Whitney U-test shows this to be below the level of importee.Inferential statistics, which enable us t o draw clear conclusions about the likelihood of the hypothesis cosmos true, is evidence for accepting the null hypothesis. The implication of the results measured using a non-parametric method, The Mann-Whitney U-test clearly shows that at the significance level of 0. 05, the results were very likely to have happened by chance. Though the observed value, 35 is greater than the sarcastic value of 23 but only by 10. Comparatively, the findings of this study support previous theory and interrogation but also are contrary to them.Bower, 1972 imagery recall experiment found that participants, who utilize imagery, recalled 80% of the words discriminated to only 45% by the non-imagers. In this investigation, participants in condition 1 (words with images) recalled 70. 5% of the words compared to 63% by the non-imagers. My investigation does support Bowers findings, since there is a difference however the differences between the twain conditions is not significant. Previous research does suggest that data in STM is stored in an acoustic sort this was demonstrated by Conrad (1964).Illustrating masses may not always use visual codes to remember data and this supports the null hypothesis in addition Baddeleys (1966) study suggests that data is also stored semantically and this again illustrates that people may not always use visual codes. A possible problem with this experiment is the experimental design which lacks ecological validity and also does not account for individual differences. The study used freelance groups, which meant it lacked control of participant variable and needed more participants.A matched participant design could have been used instead to deal with participant variables as participants are matched on key variables such as age and memory ability. Another problem of the study was the sample size. The study only used 20 participants, a small sample therefore findings cannot be generalised to the rest of the population. So, a larger sample size of 50+ would be more representative and can be generalised. In addition, the investigation used fortune sampling, which is very biased, and again it cannot be generalised.Random sampling would be the best method to select participants since it is potentially unbiased. An additional problem was the images used some of the images were cartoon images (i. e. bible pizza) and others were actual photographs (real life images, i. e. greenhouse). This may have been a problem since real life images may possibly be easier to remember than cartoon images or vice versa. To resolve such problem, would be by using only cartoon images alone or only real life images.The recall between genders may have wider implications on the whole men have performed better than women, when studies have shown women should perform better than men. For example women perform better than men in tasks such as verbal learning remembering tasks, refer face association, and first last name associations learning (L arrabee and Crook, 1993). Ideas for a follow up research study is the effects of gender recall and realize if there is a significant effect for the sex of a participant on the types of gender associated images recalled and to compare the effects of visual and semantic codes in depth.There is evidence to illustrate that people do remember more with the aid of visual representation and evidence to illustrate people remember more without each visual representation. This itself suggests people do remember data and information differently (individual differences), i. e. acoustically, semantically. Therefore it is important to get by these findings as they have strong insinuations for its involvement in everyday life, for example with teaching, revision and marketing.References BibliographyAtkinson, R. C. Shiffrin, R. M. (1968) Human memory A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence and J. T. Spence (Eds. ), The psychology of learning and motivation, vol. 8. London Academic Press Baddeley, A. D. (1966) convert in LTM The influence of acoustic and semantic similarity on long-term memory for word sequences. Quart. J. exp. Psychol. , 18, 302-9 Bahrick, H. P. (1975) The nature of LTM Fifty years of memory for names and faces A cross-sectional approach, Journal of observational Psychology General, vol. 104, pp. 54-75

The Foundation of Society Essay Example for Free

The Foundation of Society EssayEducation is one of the most essential aspects of both orderliness or any country as it extends the fundamentals that people need to accomplish things in life. It molds young people into respectable and dignified individuals by teaching them proper conduct and discipline. In addition, in higher levels of learning it cultivates the skills, professions, and careers that a person would like to pursue and use for his or development. The road to organism a doctor, architect, engineer, nurse, and lawyer, among others, always begins with getting a good breeding. In short, education serves as the foundation for society as it teaches various lessons in life. Moreover, education has a variety of implications and so-and-so also affect on the whole told aspects of society. In terms of economics, education is essential for any country as it helps it attain high levels of economic growth. When more people are educated, there would be more technically-ski lled workers that contribute to society and help underframe the economy.In addition, In short, the higher the educational rates of a country is, the more it provide alter to the growing trends and policies of the rest of the world. High rates of education would also lead to vast improvement of technology, which is a key factor in the development of any country. In other words, it can then be deduced that education plays a highly essential role in the performance of the economy. Education also plays a crucial role in the fields of health and medicine.In society, if people are educated with the crush measures that would ensure their health and safety, they would be able to avoid the most infectious diseases and deadliest illnesses. Research, which is another important social function of education, is also crucial because it provides people with new information regarding the latest strain of viruses or bacteria that can cause potential harm to individuals. In short, in the field o f science in general, obtaining continuing education is of primary importance because it paves the way for new breakthroughs and innovations.Due to the importance of education in the world, it should then comprise that its goals should also be equally important. Every country must(prenominal) ensure that the goals of its educational system is updated and would provide students with more than enough skills and knowledge that can prepare them for the real world. However, before doing so, a nation must first ensure that all children, regardless of economic status, will be able to access high-quality education because it is a right and not simply a privilege.Moreover, aside from being able to teach students skills in Mathematics, Science, History and Languages, an educational institution should also be able to instill a sense of fight among learners. To do this, the curriculum of any school must always be updated and meet educational standards. It should be comprehensive enough and p roper for the level of education where is being applied. Furthermore, teaching methods should also be goal-oriented in order for students to know their target objectives.These methods should also be innovative and interactive so that an educator can determine whether or not his or her students have truly learned from him or her. In short, when all these standards are met, educational institutions would not only be of high-quality but would also produce top-caliber, highly competent, and all-around(prenominal) graduates who can impart to other people what they have learned.

Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay

Nature And Development Of incident Interest touristry turn of eventsism Essay set- particular(prenominal) quest devourism is a part of serveive touristry industry today. Nowadays, volume are more than confident about travelling abroad and tone for something different rather than for sun and sand holidays. Special enkindle touristry is a type of holiday, transposition the traditional mass foodstuff travel packages and solelyows tourists to choose holidays appealing to their individual and personal needs. According to the world Tourism Industry or WTO, specific interest tourism rat be defined as the constringed tourism that involved individual or group tours by those sight who wishes to develop their presumptuousness interests or visit sites and places that has a relation or connection with their specific interest or subject.The heraldic bearing of impersonate is to satisfy specific needs or interests of individuals or groups.The structure of SIT is similar to that of the general tourism industry. There are many sub-sectors serving individual and personalized needs of tourists, such asTravel intermediariesTravel facilitatorsAttraction and sportActivity and events providersAccommodation providersTransportationTravel intermediaries provide development about destinations packages, travel options also making bookings for the customers. They faecal matter be represented in the trend of tour operators or travel agencies. The principal(prenominal) aim of travel agencies is to sell holidays and associated products such as insurance, cars hire.Travel agents act as the link between the customer and travel producers. They are usu onlyy good trained and female genitalia help clients with the advice or provide them with brochures, leaflets or any plusal teaching. They feel access online to GDS system, which gives worldwide enumeration of only transport.Tour operators sell combined holidays packages via travel agents or direct to the consumers. There are deuce types of tour operator the wholesaler operators, who operate only through travel agency, and the direct sell operators, who mart their products direct to the public. They purchase separate elements of accommodation (hotels, guesthouses, and self catering apartments), transport (road, sea, air) and travel services to refer a tour package. many another(prenominal) tour operators are making exceptional packages around a particular event, e.g., Olympic Games. There are many web sites specialize in authentic products, want lastminute.com that specialize in discounted accommodation.Travel facilitators are all the range of services offered to the consumers. It good deal be tourist information centre, tour guides, medical providers, currency exchange bureau.Transport providers are those operating any major form of transport. These would include airlines, water found transport and land found, such as roads and rails. place down based transport covers all fo rms vehicles such as bus, taxi, private car, and bicycle. Rail travel has become very pop since opening of the Channel tunnel. Rail companies provide a plan service within a al-Qaida uncouth and customers advise reserved the seats by themselves.The airlines freighter be shared out into scheduled, which operate with even published schedule, e.g., British Airways, and charter airlines, which fly to certain destinations chthonic charter to a tour operator. Many countries have their national airline, like British Airways in UK.Water based transport is represented by ferries and journey ships. Ferries operators provide vital links between islands, rivers, seas. Cruising can be river cruises, sea/oceans cruises, e.g. Mediterranean, Atlantic oceans, and can be considered as a special interest when there is something additional from cruise, like education or special hobby. Tourist choice of transport testament depend on price, destination, time, accessibility of the destination.A ccommodation can be reserved individually or can be purchased by tour operator. Guest facilities will vary according to the type of the place. Accommodation can be divided into two categories serviced accommodation (where all meals are provided), and self-catering accommodation (where occupants provide their own food). A 5 star hotel can provide a full range of services, such as restaurants, plasma TV, cheerction modes, mini bars in the rooms, room service available 24/7. In the caravan park you can only find profligate food shops and vending machines.Providers of attractions need to under pull in the market research in order to meet all the needs of tourists. Typical attractions can be man-made (theme parks, zoos), natural (mountains), cultural (Louvre Gallery in Paris). A forget me drug of destinations are promoted via special events (World Cup, Olympic Games) or various activities (diving, winter skiing resorts)In addition to attractions, a lot of destinations are promoted vi a special events or activities, which include World Cup, Olympic Games.The development of special interest tourism.Special interest tourism can date back to earliest forms of tourism. The first tourists travelled for specific reasons, e.g., religious, cultural or for trading purposes. Around the same period, the Greeks travelled to religious festivals, leading(p) to building of sea ports and accommodation.In Medieval Times the pilgrims and missionaries became the more or less active travelers. Pilgrims travelled to the sacred places such as Santiago de Compostella, Jerusalem, driven by their religious convictions.Tourism grew over the centuries and spread to all over the world.The revolutionary part of tourism, known as Grand Tour, was developed in the early 17th century under the reign of Elizabeth 1.The young men from wealthy families were travelling across Europe to complete their education. London, Paris, Venice, Rome were visited by the young aristocrats to improve their kn owledge in the arts and literature. The tours lasted as long as 3 years.In 1841 Thomas Cook put together the first package tour in history. Thomas Cooks organize tour consisted of accommodation, travel tickets, timetables, attractions, travel guides and tours, currency exchange. The first tours were for specific needs and catered more to the mass market with the growth of the company. Thomas Cook started offering tours within UK and soon moved to Europe.The development of tourism in the 19th century growingd due to advent of the railway. It became cheaper, easier and fullr to travel, so not only the privileged classes were allowed to travel.The industrial revolution brought leisure travel to Europe. The middle class had more time and money to travel thank to the efficient machinery.In the post war period the development of wide-bodied and faster aircrafts contributed to the growth of the mass tourism. plus in disposable income has made tourism accessible for a large majority of population. People could gift to take more than one holiday per year. Another factor that contributed to the growth of mass tourism was increase in global wealth leaving peck enough disposable income to spend on holidays. The semi governmental liberation of the colonized countries built a lot of new tourist destinations, reducing the cost of holidays.Nowadays, it becomes more touristy self-drive holidays to Europe, cruising holidays, Middle East destinations such as Dubai, Egypt, etc. Travelling on the cruise liner gives you opportunity to enjoy your time, there are a lot of activities on the board and the companionable life is very active, which move ins you enjoy holidays even more, staying on the board of enormous liner. Low cost airlines leading to mass tourism travel around the world, e.g. Easy jet airlines.The social factor which contributed to the growth of tourism is linked with the new attitude to world travel and leisure. People are searching for new destinations, nerve-wracking to find something unusual and unexplored. Development of leisure centers along with the increased independence of women has also contributed to the tourism. Changing demographics, such as aging population, grown up children have made a big impact on the SIT market.Sustainable tourism is one of the growing industries, which examineks to protect tourism destinations and reduce an impact of the purlieu and topical anesthetic culture. With the advent of internet, tourists can attend the statuss using web-based interface programmers at the same time reducing the traditional impacts such as travel, accommodation, food wastage.TASK 2 Understand how special interest tourism matches customers, products and services.2.1. Discuss the range and classification of tourism products and services available to travellers.There aremany kinds of special tourism interest it can be educational tourism, sports tourism, sex tourism, health and knockout tourism, arts and entertainment to urism and a lot more. Products can also be divided into various categories, such as rural, urban, over or under water, in the air and others.The classification of special interest tourism productseducationalCulturalAdventure pursuitsHistorical attractionsReligious eventswellness and wellnessSporting and entertainment events upbringingal TourismThere is no doubt that educational industry has already become one of the to the elevatedest degree popular types of special interest tourism. The Grand Tours of the 17th century were organized for youth with the purpose of education. Nowadays, many people are travelling to broaden the education, to learn a foreign language and to take a special course. As an sheath, the short term language courses are designed for students to improve their second language.Cultural tourismPeople who take cultural holidays are likely to visit museums, galleries and exhibitions, or going to opera or theatre. Heritage tourism is focused on historical attractio ns and resources.Cultural tourism gives visitors the opportunity to understand and evaluate the requirement character of a place and its culture as a whole, including-history and archaeology-people and their lifestyle-cultural miscellanyMany cities have had capital of culture status, including London, Dublin and Prague.Religious events tourismReligious holidays focus on visiting places with religious significance, like Lourdes in south of France or Holy Land Tour. The Holy Land is a land filled with history, passion and with presence of deliveryman. The tourists can uncover the world in which Jesus lived and also enjoy the activities, such as scuba dive, hike, and camel ride or just have fun on the sun. There are specialist tour operators which organize such tours, like The Pilgrimage Trust, a charity, which organizes tour to Lourdes for children with disabilities.Sporting tourismPeople can take holidays to watch the sport or participate in special events. There are specialist o perators offering packages for World Cup, Olympic Games. For instance, Club La Santa provides luxury Spain holidays, sports holidays and fitness activity holidays. The resort features over 25 different sports and different entertainment is available.Health and wellness tourismHealth and wellness tourism is now available for consumers seeking to enhance their well being through their travel experiences. The aim of tourists is to look and feel better, to lose weight, to slow the effects of aging, to resign pain or dis hassock, or to manage stress.This market has become very popular as people are becoming more health conscious. There are two briny types of health and wellness tourism spa resorts and medical tourism. There are many spa hotels offering fitness classes, beauty treatments and different types of massage.Holy Island is one of the best spas in UK, located off the west coast of Scotland. The break-dance and vision holder of the Holy Isle Project is Lama Yeshe Rinpoche, a Tib etan Buddhist supposition master in the Kagyu tradition. There are many retreat and course programmes taking place in the Centre for World Peace and Health. The island has several areas reserved for birds, animals and tree planting programme.(http//www.holyisland.org/)SIT can be classified according to the type of surroundLandAirWater basedRural/urbanNature/wildTrekking, cycling and hiking are examples of land based special interest tourism. The two main modes of travel are road and rail. Some luxurious trains appeal consumers special needs and allow passengers to see spectacular sights from the train.The Blue Train is a magnificent moving five-star hotel. The routes of The Blue Train both scheduled and chartered take guests through some of the most admirable places of the countryside.The train has luxurious suites with baths and double beds .The guests can enjoy exquisite meals freshly prepared on board by top chefs.Water based tourism can be presented in form of underwater acti vities, like diving, and above water, like swimming, cruising and surfing. The swell Barrier Reef is well known for its diving activities, situated on the north-east coast of Australia. It the worlds most extensive stretch of coral reef and is probably the richest area in terms of faunal diversity in the world.Nature and wilderness tourism focuses on observation of wild animals and birds in their usual environment. As an example it can be tours to Africa Safari or tours to botanical gardens.Wilderness tourism experiences with undeveloped natural environment, which can include isolation and challenging conditions.2.2. Diversity and classification of tourist types.The key to success in SIT is to ensure various tourist types are well matched to the tourist products.Demand for tourism can be influenced by 3 basic factors-purpose for travel (educational, cultural, for health, for sporting events)-ability to travel (sufficient disposable income, time, freedom of movement)-travel choices (knowledge about destinations, environmental factors, ability to travel)Various typologies have been made to classify tourists according their preferences.The best known are by Cohen and Plog.Eric Cohen classified tourists according to the nature of the environment they prefer. He places tourists into four following groupsOrganized mass tourist-typically they subvert pre-organised packages from tour operators prefer safe and secure environment and are likely to return to familiar places. individual mass tourist- compare to organised mass tourist show more flexibility and have a lot more personal choice.The explorer- aspect for unexplored destinations.The drifter- generally likes adventurous travelling, e.g. camping in the wilderness area.Stanley Plog describes three types of touristsAllocentric- confident travelers, who enjoy the travel and explorationMidcentric- tend to adopt the destinations after they have been observe by allocentricPsychocentric- are less confident and prefer secure environmentMarket naval division is a process of dividing the market into different groups with common needs and wants. The most common types areGeographic locationDemographicSocio-economic segmentationPsychographic segmentationGeographic location is based upon people live and can be subdivided by country, region, city size, and climate. Where people live in the city can also reflect their income take and ability to buy.Demographic segmentation is the most common in market segmentation. It can be divided by eon (snowbirds, empty nesters, young budget travellers)Gender (women trying to escape from the usual environment and go for holidays, ex. spa breaks men prefer to travel to more adventurous places)Religion (retreats, pilgrimages)Psychographic segmentation determines tourists behaviour, their lifestyles, activities and attitudes.Socio-economic segmentation considers aspects such as occupation, status, social class, income level.Task 3 Understand the appeal and motivatio n of special interest tourism for customers.3.1. Analyse the appeal to customers of special interest tourism features and benefits. draw can be characterised as a kind of tourism products that will enable customers needs to be satisfied. The motivation is closely linked to the appeal and seeks to identify peoples needs and wants.The appeal of the location can be influenced by different factors, like cost, time availability, facilities. If you are plan a family holidays to sea and sun destinations, there are a lot of countries to choose from. The specific location has to appeal to numerous needs and wants of the family, e.g. child-minding facilities, special kids menu, available playground, etc.Appeal can be influenced by features of the destination, like beaches, attractions, numerate of facilities within the resort.There are a number of other factors that can contribute to the appealUniqueness of the destination (Great Wall of China is one of the most appealing attractions all ar ound the world owing to its architectural grandeur and historical significance).Level of comfort (the tourist seeking luxury accommodation may find the appeal in 5 stars hotels).authenticity of the location (the authentic cuisine or traditions appeal to many tourists visiting particular country).Political factors ( the political instability in Egypt led to a reduction in the flow of tourists)Environmental factors (tourists tend to forfend places affected by natural disasters, e.g. earthquakes)3.2. Identify and explain how the motivations of tourists are met by special interest tourism locations and features.Motivation can be defined as internal and external factors that stimulate desire and muscle in people to be continually interested in and committed to a business sector, role, or subject, and to observe persistent effort in attaining a goal.(Businessdictionary.com)Abraham Maslow outlined a motivational hierarchy consisting of five categories of pitying needs arranged in asce nding order physiological- basic needs satisfied by such stimulus as food and sleep security- need for a safe environment free from adjacent threat social-love needs and desire for social acceptance esteem-need for enhancement and acceptance of self and self-actualization-striving for full recognition of unique characteristics and electric potentials. The key notion in the model is that as a need category land in the hierarchy becomes satisfied, its determination of behaviour diminishes and the next higher need category becomes proponent (Adler, S., 1999, p 7).Maslows hierarchy of needs assumes that we all have similar needs and wants to be satisfied. Therefore, it is important to apply motivations in relation to different tourist types.Motivations for SIT can be divided into two groupsIntrinsic motivationExtrinsic motivationIntrinsic motivation includes internal desires to perform a particular task, do certain activities because it gives you pleasure, such as challenge, skill i mprovement or relaxation. The skill improvement relates to educational tourism and gives people opportunity to increase their knowledge in particular field (foreign languages courses, cookery schools in France). One of the main motivations for holidays can be a need to rest, to escape from everydays routine.Extrinsic motivation is the factors external to the individual and misrelated to the task they are performing. Examples include money, status, rewards, and sustainability.Motivation can also be influenced by demographic factorsEducation (tourists with high level of education are likely to participate in education based activities)Age ( old couples are seeking comfort and opportunity for sightseeing, while young people are looking more for fun and relaxation)Family life cycle ( parents with children are motivated by places with numerous kids facilities)TASK 4 Understand management needs and issues of special interest tourism.4.1. Evaluate the organizational and support logistics involved in the management of special interest tourism trips.Profitability- is the main goal of all the businesses. Meeting the tourist expectations and providing safe and secure travel arrangements will lead to profitable growth for travel companies. The main thing is to make products profitable attractive for customers by putting correct prices and making them attractive for the market.Market research is an essential tool for any businesses. It helps to identify potential customers, their needs and expectations. Target marketing is a group of customers to be aimed. Potential customers with similar needs and characteristics are identified and divided by market segments based on age, income level, etc.Each travel product is made up of several segments, e.g. hotel, transport, accommodation facilities and for the tourists is all have to be organized and put together well. There is a range of challenges coming with travel products, e.g. Tour packages, where the travel agents are respon sible for every aspect of the trip.Examples of operational challenges may includeTravel permits visas requirements al-Qaida essential shops, medical facilitiesLanguage difficulties in understanding the foreign languageTransport availability of remove coaches or taxis.Logistics is the management of business operations, such as the acquisition, storage, transportation and delivery of goods along the supply chain. (http//www.investorwords.com)An SIT sporting event package tour will include a number of logistic issues to take care of, includingTransportationAccommodation providersTour guidesEquipment suppliersAccess to the destinationApart from all the operational and logistical challenges, the SIT providers have a number of administrative requirements to deal with. Travel insurance provides the financial security measure in the case of unexpected harm of luggage or cancellation of the trip. It is important to read and understand all the policies before making a purchase. Visas issue s may vary according to the country tourists going to. For example, members of the family of the EU citizens do not need visa to travel to the EU countries. Vaccination against diseases is an important requirement for tourists travelling to remote control destinations, e.g. some parts of Africa.All the tour operators and travel agents should be aware of the laws concerning travel and tourism and pass the relevant information to the tourists.One of the main points to be considered for all the businesses is to have satisfied customers. It will results in more profitability, less marketing cost and a good reputation for the company.4.2. Discuss the ways operators reason out issues that affect special interest tourism.There are many issues that can affect special interest tourism, some of them are known in advance and others are unexpected. It is always better to identify the potential problem and create the awareness of possible outcome.The main categories of the possible issues in SI T are chance managementSocio-cultural issuesEnvironmental issuesEconomic issues (recession, oversupply)Quality assuranceRisk management is an important part of planning for businesses. The process of put on the line management is designed to reduce or eliminate the risk of certain kinds of events mishap or having an impact on the business. ( http//www.whatisriskmanagement.net/)There are many different types of risk that can be classified as followsHealth- unexpected accidents, food poisoningTravel- delays of the flight, flight cancellation due to natural disasterTheft- loss of personal documents, etc.Furthermore, risk can be classified as known risks (tourists are travelling to politically unstable areas) and unexpected risks (loss of documents, illness).The main goal of risk management is to protect the customers from unacceptable levels of risk and also build the reputation for travel organisations, avoiding financial losses.According to Sadgrove (2005), the process of risk mana gement is as followsIdentify and assess risksSet policiesImplement policies manage risksMonitor risksTourism providers should always advise customers on risks by giving advice how to behave in unfamiliar situations or providing the current information about the risks that big businessman be present in the resort.Socio-cultural issues can result in social breakdown of the destination, increase in crime and loss of local culture.The ecotourism is becoming very popular nowadays. Tour operators and travel agents have to be aware of the environmental issues relating to products they offer. Some of the issues are ecotourism and sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism provides information how to respect local cultures and the natural environment and protect the diverse wildlife of the destination.The need to provide the best quality and to keep the standards high is one of the main issues of SIT providers. The best quality could be achieved byProviding the full training for the moduleGo od knowledge about the products being soldRight people on the right jobRequesting feedback from customersConclusion There is no doubt that tourism had been the most important industry of any country that is why most of them are doing their best in order to maintain and preserve all of their resources that can attract the attention of their target tourist.