Pluralistic Extension System :: Politics, Government Programs

DefinitionPluralistic acknowledgment schema is provision of extension go for a community which is conducted by more than one source of extension services (Okorley, Grey, & Reed, 2010). According to Rivera & Alex (2004), pluralistic extension system may hold analyzable providers like non-governmental organizations, private companies, farmers organizations, commercial individuals, extension specialists associations, and public extension services at municipal, state, and national. Non-pluralistic extension system, by definition, is single provider of extension service which is conducted by only public extension agents. It is clear that pluralistic extension system do not eliminated the public extension workers from the system, but the system adds other potential drop extension agencies along with the existing public extension agency. Why is it necessary?There are several reasons why pluralistic extension system is required. cardinal of the reasons is that previous single provid er of extension system, mainly Training and Visit (T&V system) was criticized for its hold in advantages. As the case in India, the T&V system was blamed for only boosting commodity and supply-driven but not generate income. It was also criticized as the cause of the fall of commodity price, disintegration among sub-sectors, and poor focus on farmer organization development (Singh & Swanson, n.d.). Former extension system was occasionally considered as inefficient, having unclear and incompatible objectives of state intervention, vague rules for implementation it also provides limited incentive for extension workers, and lack of financial transparency (Rivera & Alex, 2004). Moreover, the pluralistic extension system is expected to reduce financial burden of national government ascribable to large institutional structures and perceived ineffectiveness of former extension system (Swanson & Rajalahti, 2010). Earlier extension system was also blamed for not giving oft attention in involving farmers to define and solve their own problems, while having poor linkage of extension-research-farmer system (Davis, 2008). The support of farmers group as possessing power for extension provider comes from Davis research in Kenya (n.d.), in which she found that farmers groups were considered by local farmers as credible source of agricultural information provider (Davis, n.d.)What are the main dimensions?Rivera & Alex (2004) maintain, extension is not necessarily a government program, but rather the complex set of institutions whereby farming(prenominal) people obtain new knowledge and information (p. 339-340) and it allows the hatchway of differences extension system among different countries. This proposition has led to the implication that the dimension of (pluralistic) extension system could cover variety of issues like policy implementation (for rural change or mobilization), information collection, particular salient issues (like health problem HIV/AIDS, etc.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Aristotelian Tragedy :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth Aristotelian Tragedy                  The  definition of tragedy in an excerpt from Aristotles Poetics isthe re-creation, complete within itself, of an important moral action.  Therelevance of Aristotles Poetics to Shakespeares play Macbeth defines themaking of a dramatic tragedy and presents the general principles of theconstruction of this genre.      Aristotles attention throughout most of his Poetics is directed towardsthe requirements and expectations of the plot.  Plot, the soul of tragedy,Aristotle says, must, be an imitation of a noble and complete action.    InMacbeth, Shakespear provides a complete action, that is it has what Aristotleidentifies as a beginning, a middle, and an end.  These divisible sections must,and do in the case of Macbeth, meet the criterion of their respective placement.In an excerpt from Aristotles Poetics it states   &n bsp       The classify breachs into which tragedy is divided are Prologue,Episode, Exodus, Choric songs, this last being divided into Parodos and Stasimon.The prologos is that entire fiber of a tragedy which precedes the Parodos of theChorus.  The Episode is that entire part of a tragedy which is between completechoric songs.  The Exodos is that entire part of a tragedy which has no choricsong after it.  Of the Choric part the Parodos is the first undivided utteranceof the Chorus. Shakespeare follows this precise assemblement of parts to tellhis story of Macbeth.  Macbeth is divided into five acts.  It contains aPrologue, Episode, Exodus, Parodos and Stasimon, but is the only one ofShakespeares plays that does not include Choric songs.  This does not dismissMacbeth as a tragedy in the Aristotelian sense, because it still followsAristotles fundamental component of a plot.  That the arrangement of actionsand episodes arrange them selves into a causally connected, seamless whole.The ideal arrangement of action into a plot is Exposition, Inciting Action,Rising Action, Turning Point(Climax), Falling Action, and Denouement.  Macbethfollows each of these steps while introducing a cutting question every moment thatkeeps our interest.  That is called dramatic tension, a very important part of atragedy to keep the audiences attention at all times.         To own Macbeths plot a complete action, according to Aristotle, thestory must contain an activating circumstance, a disclosure, and a reversal ofaction.  The activating circumstance in Macbeth is the ternion witches.  Macbethand Banqou meet three witches that posses supernatural powers and predict thetwo mens futures.  It is part of the wicked sisters role in the play to act asthe forces of fate.  These hags lead Macbeth on to destroy himself.  Their

Elaboration Likelyhood Essay -- essays research papers

Elaboration Likelihood 2IntroductionRecently the nation was bombarded with political ad campaigns of all shapes and sizes. There were the ads for and against succession, the ads that attempted to show colourise Davis as someone who could actually run the state of California, and the ads that didnt really seem to have any purpose at all. It is obvious that each of these campaigns was concentrate on a specific target audience. What may not have been so obvious was that each of the ad campaigns was also based upon the involvement or interest of the voters (Perloff, 1993). This involvement or interest is a component of the Elaboration Likelihood Model. This theory helps advertising consultants decide what elections are important to voters and what elections have no relevance to anyone but lawmakers (Perloff, 1993). Important elections, such as the gubernatorial race leave have strong arguments and depth while not so of import elections, such as the clean water initiative will rely on cues that are undemanding in terms of the amount of brain author used (Perloff, 1993). The application of the Elaboration Likelihood Model to political campaigns is just one of the many practical uses of this theory. But before it is possible to examine separate possible applications of the ELM, one must understand the basic ideas and factors that make it work. After a clear understanding of the ELM is devolved it will be shown in coitus to the specific communication perspective that it fits into, and then used to evaluate a real life situation. Subsequent to the evaluation of the practical application the ELM will be scrutinized and summed up, but first the basics. Description of TheoryElaboration Likelihood 3The elaboration likelihood theory was created by two social scientists, Richard petit larceny and John Cacioppo, who sought to create a model of persuasion that was more inclusive in terms of the range and depth in which the theory cover (Perloff, 1993). Petty and Caciop pos theory is a culmination of their research in the area of cognitive responses to persuasion and theories of attitude change (Perloff, 1993, p. 118). The ELM is a theory of persuasion with a central premise that seeks to explain how deeply an individual will elaborate the arguments of a persuasive message by examining the ind... ...ovements. First of all, Perloff (1993, p. 132) makes the smudge that there should be more consideration of situational and personality factors that might interact to influence the processing strategy. Perloff (1993, p. 132) also would like to know how do people concurrently process central and peripheral information? Elaboration Likelihood 10ReferencesBargh, J. A. (2002, September). Losing Consciousness Automatic Influences on Consumer Judgment, Behavior, and Motivation. Journal of Consumer Research,29 (2).Littlejohn, S. W. (2001). Theories of Human Communication. Albuquerque, NM Wadsworth.Perloff, R. M. (1993). The kinetics of Persuasion. Hillsdale , NJ Lawrence Eribaum Assoc.Sereno, K. (2002, Fall). Comm 200 Communication as a Social Science. Lecture Notes.Stephenson, M. T., Benoit, W. L., Tschida, D. A. (2001). Testing the Mediating Role of Cognitive Responses in the Elaboration Likelihood Model. Communication Studies, 52 (4), 324-338.

Measure for Measure Essay: Angelo -- Measure for Measure

Angelo in dance step for Measure Within Measure for Measure, the character of Angelo can be seen as a case study of will over moral nature. Angelo, a deputy, is given the Dukes authority to act in his behalf while the Duke is away. The story unfolds as Angelo uses the agency hes been given in ways that many men in authoritative positions have done. It is interesting to follow his line of thought and to realize that this is a man who is not unlike many others. The main conflict between Isabella and Angelo is a contemporary problem. Measure for Measure is a unique opportunity to wonder the personality types of the characters involved in the conflict, and the study of these complex characters can give meaningful insights into the nature of human emotion and action. Angelos job is to take over in government while the Duke investigates his own character and those of others disguised as a friar. Whilst Angelo is in power, his will, ironically is in direct conflict with the law he is to ilsome to uphold. He propositions chaste Isabella to engage in sexual activity in exchange for the life of her brother who is to be executed because of his sexual indiscretions. It can be perhaps seen that Angelo is not an inherently evil character, that he feel from ... ...with temptation. These are lessons that can apply to everyone. Works Cited and Consulted Black, James. The Unfolding of Measure for Measure. Shakespeare Survey 26 (1973) 119-28. Leech, Clifford. The Meaning of Measure for Measure. Shakespeare Survey 3 (1950) 69-71. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure. The Arden Shakespeare. Ed. J.W. Lever. London Routledge, 1995. Thomas, Vivian. Understandning Angelo in Measure for Measure. London Croom Helm, 1987. Wilders, John. The Problem Comedies. In Wells, Stanley, ed. Shakespeare Select Bibliographical Guides. London Oxford UP, 1973.

Airport Security Essay -- Safety Airlines Terrorism Papers

Airport SecurityOn family line 11, 2001, twenty Arab men boarded four different airplanes with the intent of attacking our country. They boarded the planes with the intent of causing tremendous damage to New York City and Washington, D.C. Two planes crashed into each tower of the World Trade Center, 1 plane crashed into the Pentagon, and the last plane crashed into a Pennsylvanian field. These twenty men cut short over 3000 lives. The innocent people that died had no need to impart their lives taken in the way that they were. However, they lost their lives because they were American, and to the terrorists, they stood for certain principles. How were these terrorists allowed to board these planes with the weapons that they used for the take over? There is an easy answer to that question airport security was about nonexistent. Anyone could be in the terminal. Friends and family could be with the passenger up to the time that the passenger went through the gate. However, since tha t fateful day, security has been tighter at the airports. Now, before passengers board a plane, they have to go through an x-ray machine and a metal detector before entering the terminal. Sometimes they have to go through random searches at the planes gate. One question raised from the tighter security measures is whether these security measures invade peoples personal rights. Airport security has changed since September 11, but this change is not always a good thing. One of the major changes that has taken place in airport security is more searches are being done. As a result of increase the number of searches taken place, more people have their privacy rights violated. Another result of the increase of airport security is that less peopl... ...y.html Simon, Harvey. Homeland Security and Defense. zephyr Week. n.d. 5 June 2002 Swenson, Dan. Personal interview. 23 October 2002 Sperry, Paul. Know Your Rights at Airport Checkpoints. Worldnetdaily. 9 January 2002, 15 Oct. 2002 http//w ww.worldnetdaily.com/news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=25974 Suggestions for Reducing Security Related Threats. Airsafe. 22 October 2001, 16 September 2002 http//www.airsafe.com/events/war/moresafe.htm The Thompson Chain-Reference Bible The NIV Version. Indianapolis, Indiana B.B. Kirkbridge Bible CO., INC., 1990 Travelers Blues. Free-Market Net. n.d.15 October 2002 http//www.free-market.net/spotlight/airtravel/organizations/ Women Travelers Complain of Busy Hands Among Airport Guards. Startribune. 25 November 2002, 15 Oct. 2002 http//www.startribune.com/stories/1631/850064.html

Airport Security Essay -- Safety Airlines Terrorism Papers

Airport SecurityOn September 11, 2001, twenty Arab men boarded four different airplanes with the engrossed of attacking our country. They boarded the planes with the intent of causing tremendous damage to New York City and Washington, D.C. Two planes crashed into each tower of the World Trade Center, one plane crashed into the Pentagon, and the expire plane crashed into a Pennsylvanian field. These twenty men cut short over 3000 lives. The innocent people that died had no need to have their lives interpreted in the track that they were. However, they lost their lives because they were American, and to the terrorists, they stood for certain principles. How were these terrorists allowed to board these planes with the weapons that they used for the take over? There is an easy answer to that principal airport security was virtually nonexistent. Anyone could be in the terminal. Friends and family could be with the passenger up to the time that the passenger went through and through th e gate. However, since that fateful day, security has been tighter at the airports. Now, before passengers board a plane, they have to go through an x-ray machine and a metal detector before entering the terminal. Sometimes they have to go through random searches at the planes gate. whiz question raised from the tighter security measures is whether these security measures invade peoples personal rights. Airport security has changed since September 11, but this change is not always a good thing. One of the major changes that has taken place in airport security is more searches are being done. As a result of increasing the number of searches taken place, more people have their privacy rights violated. Another result of the increase of airport security is that less peopl... ...y.html Simon, Harvey. Homeland Security and Defense. Aviation Week. n.d. 5 June 2002 Swenson, Dan. person-to-person interview. 23 October 2002 Sperry, Paul. Know Your Rights at Airport Checkpoints. Worldnetdai ly. 9 January 2002, 15 Oct. 2002 http//www.worldnetdaily.com/news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=25974 Suggestions for Reducing Security Related Threats. Airsafe. 22 October 2001, 16 September 2002 http//www.airsafe.com/events/war/moresafe.htm The Thompson Chain-Reference leger The NIV Version. Indianapolis, Indiana B.B. Kirkbridge Bible CO., INC., 1990 Travelers Blues. Free-Market Net. n.d.15 October 2002 http//www.free-market.net/spotlight/airtravel/organizations/ Women Travelers Complain of Busy Hands Among Airport Guards. Startribune. 25 November 2002, 15 Oct. 2002 http//www.startribune.com/stories/1631/850064.html

Immigration to the United States and America

Immigration Jennifer Lippert ENG/102 March 12, 2012 Dr. Kimberly Stanley In the get together States of the States, we live in a sea of opportunity. Many people come from other countries to live in the States to explore those opportunities, save the laws governing in-migration bear failed to transplant with the ever-increasing immigrant population. We watch as B sight States deal with the rising costs to support immigrants and inquire whether this was what the founding fathers had in mind when the first Immigration Laws were passed.We wonder about the effects on Americas economy as our immigrant population mesh in this rural area then send these U. S. dollars to their home kingdom to support their families. We observe an ever-changing republicscape continu completelyy affected by the legal and irregular immigrants who land in our great region. We contemplate whether America is the land of opportunity and the land of the free, or simply a place for immigrants to land and l ive for free. As citizens, it is not only our right, but excessively our duty, to question our leaders and our laws particularly when those laws no longer appear to fit Americas vision.Immigration laws have remained dead(a) for far too long and, although immigrants were the founding fathers of our nation, it is time to examine Americas position before the social and economic costs set out insurmountable. Americas founding fathers believed that immigration was necessary to increase the population of our country, but besides believed that they must prove a loyalty only to America to become citizens. Beginning with George Washington, in the late eighteenth century, a statement was made that immigrants should be integrated into American life so that Fonte(n. . ) by an intermixture with our people, they, or their descendants, get assimilated to our customs, measures, laws in a word soon become integrity people. This then became a newborn basis for immigration. In this case, the ter m assimilates means to align to a way of life. In a 1790 speech to Congress about immigration, James Madison argued that America should welcome those immigrants who could be incorporated into our society, but turf out those immigrants that could not readily assimilate.Thomas Jefferson was convinced that immigrants were not prepared for the new society America was building and thought the country should wait another 27 course before opening its shores. In fact, when addressing immigration in Notes on the State of Virginia, Thomas Jefferson wrote Fonte(n. d. ) They will bring with them the principles of the governments they leave, imbibed in their early youth or, if able to formulate them off, it will be in exchange for an unbounded licentiousness, passing, as is usual, from one extreme to another. It would be a miracle were they to stop precisely at the point of clement liberty.These principles, with their language, they will transmit to their children. In proportion to their nu mbers, they will share with us the legislation. They will infuse into it their spirit, warp and bias its direction, and render it a heterogeneous, incoherent, distracted mass. In other words, by allowing a mass immigration into such a new society, America could be allowing the immigrant population to distort the principles established by our new laws and policies. To some degree, Alexander Hamilton echoed the thoughts of Thomas Jefferson, but his emphasis was on the threat to national safety.His concern was in granting citizenship to every immigrant upon arrival in the country. He believed that on that point should be some proof of allegiance to America before any rights were given to new immigrants. However, both Jefferson and Hamilton shared the same beliefs that immigrants should conform to the ways of America and leave their old government attachments behind. After much debate, it appeared that Jefferson and Hamilton could claim a small victory. The Naturalization Law of 1795 w as passed, which required that before becoming American citizens, immigrants would have to renounce under oath all previous sovereign allegiances.This renunciation clause remains part of the naturalization law and part of the oath to the U. S. opus that all new citizens must take. (Fonte,n. d. ). Changes in immigration laws over the past two centuries have certainly contributed to the overall rise in U. S. immigration statistics, but it would take al close a century before the first amendment to that law would take shape. The Naturalization Law of 1795 required five years of residence and a three-year waiting period before citizenship was granted. This allowed new immigrants the opportunity to assimilate and demonstrate allegiance to America. However, by 1868, with he end of the Civil War, the population was burgeoning with ex-slaves and their descendants who had been brought to this country without the rights of citizenship. In fact, in 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that African A mericas were not citizens and were not entitled to the rights and privileges of citizenship. In order to rectify the situation, the Fourteenth amendment was passed which granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States of America. Interestingly enough, it would take another war and its devastation to bring about a new amendment to U. S. immigration law in 1921 with the Emergency Quota Act.Following World War I, the country faced widespread unemployment and an anti-immigration uprising. This Act limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter America from any country on an annual basis to three part of the number of residents from that same country according to the 1910 census with the hope of maintaining the ethnic composition of America. While the quota system remained in effect until 1965, in that location was one additional revision to the Emergency Quota Act in 1952 with the Immigration Act of 1952, which revised the quotas and eliminated racial d istinctions from immigration policy.National quotas were at last abolished entirely in the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 at the height of the Civil Rights movement, changing the face of America, as it was then known. According to 2011 Census statistics, the U. S. immigrant population continues to change the face of America. Not only do non-whites account for ninety two percent of the U. S. population growth in the past cristal years, but also forty million foreign-born individuals now reside in the United States, making up almost thirteen percent of our population.Most of this population lives in metropolitan areas rather than the suburbs, with estimates as high as fifty percent of the population in twenty-two large cities across America. In fact, nine metropolitan areas aphorism their immigrant population double in the last ten years, but the five cities with the largest immigrant populations (New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami and Houston) in truth decre ased their share of this part of the population over the last ten years dropping to a total of 38 percent of the population in 2010 compared to 43 percent in 2000.In some areas of the country, rapid growth in immigration population may create policy backlashes, which could ultimately threaten these places long-standing economic comfort. Given the current economic climate and high unemployment rates, do the most recent census figures show any relationship with rising immigration levels? The best available evidence suggests that neither legal nor unauthorized immigration is the sheath of high unemployment, and that the higher wages and purchasing power which formerly unauthorized immigrants would enjoy were they to receive legal status would sustain new jobs (American Immigration Council,2012).In order to make informed decisions regarding immigration remedy, however, we cannot limit our assessment to the changing face of our nation we must also examine the economic cost to the Unite d States. upstart studies have shown that the United States spends $113 one million million million annually to support both legal and illegal immigrants, but much of the total U. S. burden is borne by only a few Border States. California, for example, reports spending close to ten billion dollars a year to support its immigration population, which now accounts for almost forty three percent of its total population.Texas reports spending $4. 5 to $6 billion per year sustaining its illegal immigrant population and Arizona drops $2. 7 billion on its immigrant population. While Border States would possible argue for more stringent laws to limit the number of immigrants allowed to enter the country in order to lessen their burden, there are also States that would argue against reform to the immigration system due to its projected adverse effect on their economy. For instance, Kansas has reported that it could possibly lose up to $57. 3 million in their income if stricter immigration laws come into affect.They claim that with change in immigration laws only comes a higher tax for their state. Kansas also claims that the State will lose millions of dollars in judicatory costs alone if the law makes it difficult for immigrants to live and work in their State. As staggering as these numbers are, other studies show that immigrants have actually boosted the U. S. economy by bringing in $245 million to the gross domestic product. This estimate, however, is nothing compared to estimated wages of foreign employees working in the United States for less than one year which grew from $550 million in $1980 to $8. billion in 2003. These earnings, in turn, are partially returned to immigrant workers home countries to help support families in the form of remittances out of the United States. In fact, a study by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in 2003 reported that a considerable share of all immigration is make at least in part by the opportunity to send home remittances. A ccording to the study, workers remittances from the United States went from $4. 1 billion in 1981 to $25. 5 billion in 2003. While these reported numbers sound staggering, remittances are not considered to have a negative impact on the U.S. economy. In fact, the study also notes that remittances exceed U. S. government provided development assistance to developing countries and may be partially responsible for keeping the cost of such assistance down. America is the land of opportunity. When we look at current immigration laws, our founding fathers vision for growth in this country remains intact. In fact, the ideas brought forth by Jefferson and Hamilton for allegiance to the country is still a part of the renunciation oath taken by all new citizens.By the numbers, there is evidence to support immigration reform and there is evidence that the influx of immigrants to the United States actually help our economy. Until the country can come together as a whole to fully support immigrat ion reform, it is likely that it will take another catastrophic event to catapult immigration to the forefront of American policy reform. References Kerwin, D. (2011). Fixing Immigration. (cover story). America, 205(18), 12. Fonte, J. (n. d. ). To Possess the National disposition of an American. Retrieved from http//www. cis. org Frey, W. H. , Berube, A. , Singer, A. & Wilson, J. (2011, December). Five things the census revealed about America in 2011. State of Metropolitan America, 48, 3-4. Retrieved from http//www. brookings. edu Shackleton, R. , Palriwala, A. , & Gordon, A. (2005, May). Remittances International Payments by Immigrants. The Congress of the United verbalise congressional budget office. Retrieved from http//www. hsdl. org Bad for Business How Anti-Immigrant Laws Can Hurt the Kansas Economy. (2011). Retrieved from http//immigrationpolicy. org American Immigration Council. (2012). Immigration Reform and Growth. Retrieved from http//immigrationpolicy. org

Disease Management

Disease steering pertains to the concept of assisting in healthc be expenditures and augmenting the quality of liveness through prevention and health maintenance. Disease steering is associated with a commitment to provide guidance, information, advocacy and service to its members in order for them to feel a autocratic change. An ideal health circumspection model aims to improve the quality and efficiency of health care assistance, to increase the accessibility to health care services for dissimilar populations, to increase price and quality transparency and to ascertain accountability for all services received.In order to achieve these goals, certain disease management classs have cerebrate with Aetna and United Healthcare, which improves both benefits and the marketing of health insurance industry. One constitution of disease management involves the improvement of the quality and efficiency of health care for its members (Barry and Basler, 2007). This policy singularity i s associated with routine measurement of the performance of its plans. It also encourages highly efficient health care options to its members, as well as the application of information technologies in keeping and maintaining patient health records.The use of prescribing medications electronically is also presented, which helps in keeping the patients safe from errors of drug consumption, as well as duplication of services, which are deemed to be wasteful in footing of money, time and effort. Such improvement may also advance the mode of access for health test results and otherwise information. Another policy being promoted by disease management programs involve the availability of health care services to varied populations at reasonable prices.Such feature concentrates on outreach programs that provide materials and services to different communities using other languages that are applicable to specific ethnic groups. This element may be a important feature in interacting with its members, so that the patients may freely express their needs and concerns regarding health care and its associated services. It is also very useful in making its non-English speaking members to understand what has been assessed or what is needed in order to help them in their health maintenance, including chronic care and disease management.The use of the multi-language approach also prevents miscommunications and misunderstandings surrounded by the program and its members. The benefits of such effort will include a greater chance for its members to understand either information that is provided to them, including the quality, effectivity and costs of the health care services. It also allows the members to make their own decisions about their own health care plans because they are empowered to interact and ask questions about aspects that concern their health.A disease management program also includes the regular monitoring and assessment of its health plan and its subsequent di ssemination of information to its members (Gearon, 2006). Such feature is valuable in terms of its goal in continuously improving the health care performance and efficiency of its plans. And it is also known that the most reliable way of improving any health care plan is by gathering the comments and suggestions of the end-users, which are actually the members itself, who directly apply such health care plans to their daily lives.A disease management program appraises its healthcare policy and features every year. Such comprehensive review of the policy often times lead to points of improvement. These are then actively considered an integrated into the working health policy and its members are likewise advised of the new changes. Any other comments or suggestions are freely expressed by its members, and the program at the same time welcomes such constructive criticisms. Healthcare marketing is a phenomenon that actively promotes features of healthcare industry.A successful healthca re marketing process follows the iii major concepts framework, view point and definition. Healthcare marketing has dramatically changed over the last decade, mainly due to reforms initiated by the government (Barry and Basler, 2007). One prime passing in the healthcare market is the incorporation of Medicare, which works as a form of reimbursement for healthcare institutions. A few decades ago, healthcare investigators attempted to establish the race between healthcare practitioners and patients.One of the observations they observed was that patients often had only a few choices in terms of healthcare providers hence they have no resort besides to maintain a relationship with a particular doctor amidst substandard patient care delivery. Another observation the investigators observed was the patients tend to riddle or try out different physicians and just pick out which physician works best with their own personal preference. In addition, other individuals would also screen diff erent hospitals and then later decide which hospital serves them best in terms of their hospital needs.ReferencesBarry P and Basler B (2007) Healing our system. AARP Bulletin, March, 2007. Retrieved on July 25, 2007 from http//www.aarp.org/bulletin/yourlife/healingoursystem.htmlGearon C (2006) State-by-State List of HMO report cards online. AARP Bulletin, January 2006. Retrieved on July 25, 2007 from http//www.aarp.org/bulletin/yourhealth/a2003-08-07-hmoreport.html

Othello: Religious Motifs Essay

Ot the pitso Religious Motifs BY Cherrry678 Relationships in which people allow themselves to be manipulated through their weaknesses are truly flawed and have a gravid potential for failure. These gentleman kins can become tainted by Jealousy and rumours nurtured by deceitful individuals. Such is the situation in Shakespeares Ot snake pito, which depicts the tragic downfall of an obviously perfect relationship.Shakespeare uses images of promised land in the beginning of the play to emphasize the seemingly flawless whop in the midst of Othello and Desdemona. Furthermore, as the play progresses, the Juxtaposition etween heaven and hell is used to represent the manipulative powers of Iago over Othello revealing the weaknesses of Desdemona and Othellos relationship. As a result, the twisted heaven and hell imagery used dear the prohibit of Othello reflects the eventual break down of Othello and Desdemonas marriage.Thus, in Shakespeares Othello, the connotation of the religiou s motifs throughout are used to develop the idea that even the around loving couples have their flaws leaving them vulnerable to the destructive powers of Jealousy brought on by the manipulative influences of others, resulting in suspicion and ultimately betrayal. The seemingly perfect bask between Othello and Desdemona is initially emphasized by Shakespeares use of heavenly images. Through images of heaven, Othellos passionate do for Desdemona is revealed.After being accused by Brabantio of using enchantments to win over his daughters hit the sack, Othello swears against it assuring their love is authoritative And till she come, as truly as to heaven I do confess the vices of my blood, So Justly to your grave ears Ill present How did I thrive in this fair ladys love, And she in mine (1. 3. 122-126). Othello swears on heaven that his love for Desdemona and her love for him is not a esult of witchcraft, exactly the result of an secure love for one another. The image of heaven is used to emphasize that Othello conceptualizes that the love between him and Desdemona is as pure as heaven itself.To call their love heavenly shows an exaggerated passion between the two set ahead emphasizing the appearance of their perfect union. Similarly, Desdemona feels that the love between her and Othello is destined to be, and through Shakespeares use of divine imagery this point is emphasized. Upon arriving in Cyprus, Desdemona and Othello are reunited for the first time since their Journey The heavens keep/ But that our loves and comforts hould increase/ Even as our days do grow(2. 1. 190-192). For Desdemona to pray that nothing come between them and their eternal happiness shows a great deal of passion.Furthermore, to believe that their love leave only die if they die highlights the certainty in which Desdemona feels that their love is more than Just a coincidence, but rather fate itself. The intensity of Desdemonas feelings for Othello adds to the idea that their m arriage is ideal. Moreover, images of the soul illustrate Desdemonas love and her willingness to risk her entire being to be with Othello. When confronted battle her love for Othello, Desdemona reveals that her hearts subdued/ Even to the very quality of her lord. She saw Othellos visage in his mind, Did she her soul and fortunes consecrate (1. . 250-254). From the beginning, Desdemona has viewed love as a risk and challenge. She has violently uprooted herself from her fathers protection and the conventional expectations of Venetian society (Thomas Neely 96). Desdemona believes that a life full of risks and unknown dangers is worth life if she is by Othellos side. This complete devotion of body and soul reveals Desdemonas feelings of loyalty towards Othello. The rendering of her soul her whole entire being, wholly to Othello emphasizes the impeccable love between the two of them.Thus, through heavenly images the apparently perfect union between Desdemona and Othello is portrayed t hroughout the first scenes of the play. Despite the apparent perfect relationship between Othello and Desdemona, the flaws in spite of appearance their marriage are revealed through lagds manipulative powers as illustrated by the Juxtaposition of heaven and hell. Shakespeare uses lagds character to bring about the doubt in Othello and Desdemonas perfect heavenly love through mages of hell. During his first soliloquy, part of lagds plan is revealed l havet It is engenderd Hell and dark/ Must bring this monstrous birth to the worlds light(l . . 392-393). Desdemona and Othellos relationship is represented as the good in the world the light. For their relationship is that of perfection, they both love and trust each other with a deep passion. However, Iago is the opposite of this heavenly light and with him comes hell and corruption. When the characters meet, the sense of perfection is lost and human faults come into play. Furthermore, the Juxtaposition f heaven and hell illustrates t hat Iago is the tempter in Othello and Desdemonas relationship. After giving Cassio advice on how to approach Othello regarding his job, Iago reveals his true plan Divinity of hellWhen irritates will the b escapeest sins put on, They do suggest at first with heavenly shows, AS I do now (2. 3. 321-324). By comparing himself to a devil that appears innocent, Iago is revealing his ability to deceive those around him with a fapde of kindness. To interpret Iago as a devil in turn implies Iago is more than that a fiend whose fiendishness corpse unproven in the play (Christofides 19). Furthermore, the oppose of the heaven and hell further highlights the Machiavellian nature of Iago that allows him to manipulate those around him without feeling remorse.Consequently, Iago tricks Othello into believing he is an honest man, thus, giving him the ability to manipulate Othello. Moreover, there is a wish of trust between Othello and Desdemona which is made evident through comparisons to the dev il. Clearly, Othello is suspicious of something when he accuses Desdemonas stack of being hot, hot, and moist and requireing a sequester from liberty, fasting and prayer, uch castigation, exercise devout For heres a young and sweating devil here that unremarkably rebels (3. 4. 34-39).By accusing Desdemona of having a moist hand, a symbol of amorous nature, he is accusing her of being unfaithful. Othello believes that Desdemona is a devil who needs to repent for the crimes she has committed against him. However, Othello has no proof that she has done any harm he is simply accusing her based on lies told to absence of trust within their marriage. As a result, perverse images of heaven are used to show that lagds trickery has caused Othello to give up on those he loves. While Iago fills Othellos head with lies of Desdemona and Cassio together, Othello comes to the conclusion that is true. and all Othellds fond love thus doles he blow to heaven. Tis gone(3. 3. 444-446). By believin g what Iago says to be the truth in such a brash manner, a lack of confidence in Othello is revealed. This lack of confidence causes Othello to doubt other aspects of his life such as his relationship with Desdemona allowing Iago to further manipulate Othello. Therefore, Iago has the power to make Othello believe that Desdemona is being unfaithful to him thus, ausing Othello to lose all hope in his marriage. This loss of love is reflected through Othellos loss of religion.Therefore, lagds manipulative influences expose the true weaknesses within Othello and Desdemonas relationship which is reflected through contrastive images of the divine and damned. Furthermore, due to their marriages weaknesses, the eventual breakdown of Othello and Desdemonas relationship is reflected through twisted heaven and hell imagery. Through the ironic use of divine images it is shown that when he is overcome by Jealousy, Othellos sense of Justice becomes twisted. When confronted by Emilia, Othello give s reason as to why he killed Desdemona Cassio did top her.Ask they husband else. O, I were damnd beneath all depth in hell But what I did pass away upon Just grounds -ro this extremity (5. 2. 136-139). Othellos sense of morality is corrupted he believes that he is Justified in killing Desdemona because of her betrayal. Here, Othello Judges on behalf of paragon but, of course, the audience knows Desdemona has been misjudged, that the sword of justice should rightly 21) for Desdemona is innocent. Othello has been tricked by Iago into believing that he has the authority to choose what is right nd wrong.He then uses this authority misguidedly, resulting in the breakdown of his character and eventually his relationship with Desdemona. Additionally, the ironic reference to damnation further depicts Just how twisted his morality is for he believes that what he did was truly Just. Moreover, Shakespeare illustrates the contrast between Othellos assumed morality and his true crime by once m ore using images of heaven and hell. After Desdemona is dead, her virtuous nature is compared to Othellos O, the more angel she, And you the blacker devil (5. 2. 130-131).Othello lacks confidence within himself due to his differences, hich is emphasized through the use of a racial comment. However, these differences had meant nothing in the beginning, for the love between him and Desdemona was too strong. Consequently, Othello lets these differences get to him allowing Iago to manipulate him into losing the morality and honour he first possessed, reducing him to evil a devil in comparison to Desdemona. Resulting in the further breakdown of Othello and Desdemonas relationship. Ultimately, as a result of distrust and Jealousy Othello betrays Desdemona, as is depicted through the use of religious images.Emilia reveals to Othello the true calamity of his crime This deed of thine is no more worthy heaven/ Than thou wast worthy her(5. 2. 160-161). Othello so overcome by Jealousy and ange r is no lasting associated with heavenly his entire marriage to Desdemona and ultimately leading to his betrayal of her. However, since Desdemona is still associated with heavenly images, it emphasizes her loyalty which in contrast further underlines Othellos flaws and the tragedy of his betrayal. Thus, through twisted images of heaven and hell Othellos betrayal of Desdemona and its consequential ruin of their relationship is portrayed.The shift from positive to negative connotation of the religious motif throughout Othello is used to develop the idea that even the most loving couples can have their flaws manipulated by others allowing them to be overcome by Jealousy, resulting in a lack of trust and ultimately betrayal. In the beginning, heavenly images are used to illustrate an almost perfect love between Othello and Desdemona. Later, near the middle of Othello, the playwright uses contrasting images of heaven and hell to represent lagds manipulative powers over Othello revealing the flaws within Othello nd Desdemonas relationship.Thus, the ironic use of heaven and hell imagery near the end of the play mirrors the tragic breakdown of Othello and Desdemonas marriage. Since relationships are not perfect they can become easily tainted when left to the deceitful will of others. For when people allow their weaknesses to rule over their lives true tragedy ensues. It is up to those individuals to decide whether or not to let the lies brought about by others to affect them or not. This is the decision that ultimately determines the strength of a relationship, not the number of flaws within it.

Planning And Leading A Complex Team Activity Essay

Be adequate to contrive a complex team activitySince Malta joined the European Union in 2004, the free movement of goods and services within the community, brought about through processship, has re-defined the pieces and relationships between suppliersand retailers. It has therefore become increasingly car park for retailers to bypass importers/suppliers and purchase directly from the source. In the meantime, Malta being a country with limited natural resources, a favourable climate and long history, Maltas saving has traditionall(a)y been highly dependent on tourism. As a direct result of the current global recession, the number of tourists visiting our island is expected to decline everywhere the next 5 years. This set off an alarm to all importation and tourism dependent vocati sensations causing them to review their business strategy and identify special business opportunities.My line of business is the importation and distribution of silver filigree jewellery to retail outlets, which target mainly tourists, and summer accounts for about 80% of my entire business. So, after(prenominal) I experienced slow downer than anterior years growth in sales last year, I started giving serious consideration to opening a single or chain of retail outlets. My primary objective was to deliver my products to tourists directly and at the same time promoting my products instead of relying on my retail competitors to do it.My greatest concern at first was how to deal with the reaction of loyal retail clients to this proposed new-made strategy. Will they still be unstrained to purchase goods form me once they perceive me as a competitor instead of a reliable partner? However, eliminating the middle person should almost replicate my gross profit margin as well as provides me with greater control of my own destiny. In social club to go down this path I will withal have to consider the capital investment which will be required and the increase in operating co sts this change in strategy will bring about.My experience as an entrepreneur has taught me that the competitive analysis of a business plan should be a statement of the business strategy and how this relates to the competition. My objectives therefore includedidentifying the strengths and failinges of my competitors within the market, as well as strategies that will provide an edge to develop and prevent my competitors from increasing their market share, and any weakness that can be exploited through product development.When I discussed my concerns with my financial adviser he suggested that I should conduct a feasibility study earlier embarking on a major change in strategy, and to ascertain that it will be bear fruit for at least ten (10) years. When the study was undefiled it resulted that, non only was it necessary to adopt this strategy, but that it should also increase profitability on the long run. I then proceeded to put together a five year business plan which identifi ed the need to open at least quad retail outlets during the first devil years after implementation. However, in set out to implement the new business strategy without disrupting the on-going operations, a qualified project manager had to be identified and recruited in order to lead this project. Once this person was on board, his or her primary objective would be to create and manage the expansion of my business into retail with minimal blackball impact on the alive import/distribution business.A New tramp Manager was indeed recruited and his first recommendation was to operate the new retail business through a subsidiary entity in order to insulate the already established import and distribution business. He then also proposed mountain up a special team, made up of five individuals already employed in the existing organisation, which he would chair, and would be actively involved in creating an action plan leading to the opening and operations of quaternion retail outlets and an organisational structure for the operations of this new subsidiary. This included setting up separate sales, marketing, IT and face divisions with each division head reporting to an operations manager. My own role would be expanded to that of shadow director of the new subsidiary in order to minimise the risk of damaging our relationship with existing retail clients. Therefore, the four individualswho were selected to be part of this new project team included one person from each of the four divisions of the current business operations.Re-engineering an already profitable business organisation naturally involves risk. However, if properly managed this will be a calculated one as long as all potential obstacles should be anticipated and properly dealt with. I have learned in the past that whoever is not involuntary to take risk is not a good leader. To win without risk is to triumph without glory (Pierre Corneille, Pratt, J, J, 2009).One of the cornerstones of the new retail operations is to create unison for all four outlets. This included consistent decor, same opening and closing times and days and staffed by smartly dressed sales staff. The action plan created by the new project team listed the need to identify the locations of the four stores as top priority and that negotiating leases would be the certificate of indebtedness of the project manager. The plan also called for staffing each store with two sales assistants and one store manager. The marketing subdivision would be staffed by one individual to start and the administration department would require a full time human resources professional and one part-time person. This meant that we needed to recruit 15 new employees to make up four sales teams and support for these. The present IT managers role would be expanded to support the requirements of the new subsidiary. It will be necessary however to out-source the sign set-up and integration of the new subsidiary operations into the existi ng IT constitution and therefore create a centralised data base for all the silver items for all the shops to have access to all stocks. This would enable shops to offer customers special high value items which they do not typically stock in their outlet.Be able to communicate information on the activity to your team.The new project team was scheduled to meet every Tuesday and Thursday of each week from 8.30am till 10.30am. transactions of each meeting were kept and shared at the beginning of each meeting with each team member. The team chairperson met with me every Friday from 8.30am till 10.30am to handle meupdated on progress and to obtain my feedback. This helped to set a clear framework for all the activities, roles, tasks and goals set by the team. to each one team member was chosen to close a specific role in order to achieve our final objective based on their expertise and experience. The first team meeting was attended by myself, the New Project Manager and the five tea m members. After introducing the New Project Manager to the team I briefed them on the purpose and aims of this new business activity and provided them the opportunity to ask questions, make any comments and even raise any concerns.The team member from the sales course of instruction was assigned the responsibility to make recommendations relating to the ideal locations and optimal size of the four shops, as well as the desirable qualifications of the retail Sales staff. Recommendations had to be both realistic and achievable, winning into consideration the high cost of retail space on the island and the limited number of applicants which would be available to choose from.The team member from the Marketing Division was assigned the responsibility to create an image of the retail shop network as well as to propose a three year advertizement plan mainly aimed at tourists. Cost projections were to be presented with these recommendations and these had to be in conformity with the re sources budgeted for this activity.A member from Finance was also selected to be included in this team. Finance was to first develop a detailed budget for this project which I had to approve. All expenditures related to this project were to be accounted for separately in the finance system in order to closely monitor the project activities. These costs were to be treated as nonrecurring in order to keep them separate from ongoing operations. The Finance team member was also required to set up a financial system for the new subsidiary, separately from the current financial system. However, the two systems were to be compatible in order to facilitate periodic consolidation.The team member from Administration was also responsible for human resourcematters. This team member was assigned the task of searching for the stores to lease in accordance venue recommendations made by sales team member. Human resources were asked to develop an organisation graph for the new subsidiary, preparing job descriptions for the prospective employees, designing vacancy notifications and interviewing prospective candidates.The IT team member would be responsible for identifying the hardware and software requirements for the integration of the subsidiary into the existing IT system. Input from the Sales and Finance team members were critical in identifying specifications required and preparing requests for quotations from at least three different suppliers for the acquisition and installation of these services and hardware.Each team member was required to provide a weekly update on their assignments to be presented at each meeting. Every communication needed to be clear and supported by a task chart. Each team member was also given the opportunity to ask for more details if they were not clear on some topic or if they felt that one members actions conflicted in any way with their own plans. For example, it was proposed by the Sales Team member that the shop assistants would need to pr epare an order at the end of each week to replenish their stocks. The IT team member had proposed an automated system to do this instead.Be able to review own ability to lead a team through a complex activityThis system, though slow to yield results in the beginning, worked well and continued to improve as each member saw how their role and contribution fit into the overall objective. The New Project Manager made sure that each member felt empowered and accountable for his or her role in the project and, as importantly, that the entire team would take credit for the success of the project, not just the team manager. This helped build up team spirit and made every team member get committed to make the project a complete success.Each team members progress report was matched to the master time chart priorto my weekly meeting with the New Project Manager who also came prepared with proposed solutions to solve any deviation from the plan. Once we agreed on the solutions, these were comm unicated to the team members at the next Tuesday team meeting.In order to effectively manage a team, such as the one assembled for this complex activity, motivating the team had to be a leaders top priority. This was achieved by encouraging their participation and asking each member to share their ideas during team meetings. A leaders role is that of facilitator and coordinator, allowing each team member to take responsibility for their share of the full task and obtaining their commitment to deliver. A leaders effectiveness is therefore judged by the success of the team in achieving a goal such as the one at hand, namely to set up a chain of four retail outlets to compliment the import and distribution business.BibliographyPratt, J, J, 2009. Turtle on a Fence Post Wisdom Graduates Need to Make It in the Real World, 365 long time of Life Lessons. 1st ed. UK Agio Publishing House, 2009.

Rhetorical Analysis for “Ways of Talking” Essay

The optimist sees the rose and not its thorns the pessimist stares at the thorns, oblivious of the rose, said Kahil Gibran, a Lebanese artist, poet, and writer. In other words, optimists see the more favorable side of the flower, the beauty of the rose, while pessimists focus on the negative parts, blinding their view of the beauty. Ha Jins metrical composition relates to this because he illustrates the change from a pessimist to an optimist. In his poem Ways of Talking, Jin explicates the beauty that arises once we rid of our negative minds.Jin uses the word grief to explain that we utilize to choose to lament, then we couldnt help to, and finally we stopped doing so. Why did he incorporate grief? Why not mourning or failure? Grief is a response to loss, as is mourning although, mourning results in a loss that produces a strong emotional response, one much stronger than grief . Grief is used because Jin is getting across that whatever causes it can be overlooked we need only to find the positive in losses. He includes repetition of talking about/expressing grief to elucidate the stages of choosing to focus on negatives, being able to only see the negatives, and deciding to stop focusing on negatives.

Is the Criminal Justice System Bias Essay

AbstractThis paper will ask several questions and hopefully answer or so of those questions. Questions the likes of is the vicious justice system bias against the shortsighted and is the shepherds crook justice system bias against minorities. We accordingly explore some of the possible solvings to the problems that could make water biases. We then look at a study d hotshot on several communities where relations between police and the public had repaired their relationship.BodyIts slow to understand why tidy sum see the criminal justice system as biased. Our of all of our states pris iodinrs forty pct net not even charter and sixty-seven percent did not maintain full-time employment when they were arrested. So thither are more uneducated people in prison then there are educated people. This seems like then that our system of criminal justice is operated on an unequal system against poor or uneducated people. However, one of the problems we run into when we try to compar e the wealthy lawbreakers to poor lawbreakers is the wide difference between the amount of wealthy people and poor people we have in our population. In 1989, the wealthiest one percent of United States households owned nearly forty percent of the lands wealth. The wealthiest twenty percent owned more than fourscore percent of the nations wealth. That leaves precious little for the rest (Cole, 2000). This isnt just true with adults, but with children and teenagers too.The number of poor/under-funded schools in America far outweighs the number of wealthy schools in America. Thats probably the main reason our system appears to be unfair against the poor. The reason that any pole or nation wide research will be bias against the poor or pooh-pooh classify is because there is a much larger poor/lower class population than a wealthy/high class population. Most Americans will probably not want to believe that our criminal justice system is not operated on equality. Afterall our nations S upreme Court even has the saying Equal Justice Under Law scripted above the entranceway. There are several very famous Supreme Courts decisions that uphold equality for the poor. In Gideon v. Wainwright they made it a law that the state essential provide a lawyer to all defendants who have been charged with a serious nuisance and cannot afford a lawyer. In Miranda v. Arizona the Supreme Court decided that police must provide all suspects with an attorney.These court decisions might be a little misleading since twain were decided during the time of Chief Justice Earl Warren, who was strongly liberal and very supportive of economic equality. Since then the principles of equality from some(prenominal) decisions for Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v. Arizona have been cheated and twisted so that neither decisions are upheld to the full extent that they were intended (Cole, 2000). Thats enough bashing our court system. There are actually many another(prenominal) things that police officers do witch can be biased. For example the Fourth Amendment says that we have a right against unlawful searches and seizures. However, police officers all the time and request their apply to search them or their belongings (without ever having any basis for suspicion) without ever informing them of their right to refuse the search. This isnt necessarily a bias against the poor but it makes sense to me that an officer would judge somebody on appearance.There is also the means of transportation we have to consider if law en jamment is bias to the poor. formulate hypothetically some wealthy person is traveling across the country to a birthday party. How are they going to travel? Most wealthy people would probably travel across country like that by means of flying. While flying, people do not come in contact with that many police officers nor are they in many positions where they would normally break the law. However, say there is a poor person who is traveling the homogeneous distance to the same party but does not have the money to fly. The cheapest mode of transportation is definitely by way of buss. While traveling by buss there is definitely a larger chance of contact with the police than when traveling by air. There are also many more opportunities for crime to be committed while traveling on a buss. Again we have the situation where its not necessarily that the poor are treated differently but are maybe just in environments where crime is committed more often, which would explain why it seems that the system is biased against them (Rothwax, 1996)So I tactile sensation like we could come to anagreement now that the criminal justice system is not necessarily biased against the poor at the law enforcement side of the criminal justice system. However, the courtroom side of the criminal justice system seems indirectly biased against the poor, simply because each trial can be different depending on how much money they defense and the prosecution have a vailable to them. Now lets talk rough other ways that the criminal justice system could be bias. What about race? Are people treated differently depending on their heathenity? Most people probably agree that there are some ethnic groups who are treated differently than other ethnic groups in the criminal justice system. Statistically minorities are disproportionately victimized by crime.African Americans are victimized at a rate of 150 percent higher than whites (Cole, 2000). Blacks are typically more involved in al well-nigh every change of crime more so than whites. These crimes can include rape, aggravated assault, and armed robbery. Homicide is actually the number one leading cause of death among young dispirited men. Most crime is interracial and so it could be argued, just as it can with the topic of biases against the poor that the reason for higher crime rates for benighted is because most poverty stricken areas, or the inner city, have majority black populations. There fore the criminals would be black, the victims would be black, and all the statistics that came from that area would rate blacks more prone to commit crime than whites. Now lets look at some cases. For instance the videotaped beating of Rodney King by Los Angeles police force Department officers was a wide eye-opener for most of America. It was said of that beating that for many blacks saw that as treatment they expected from the police. They were not surprised by that beating what so ever.Curtis Tucker, a atomic number 20 Assemblyman, was quoted saying at a subsequent hearing on Los Angeles Police Department practices, When black people in Los Angeles see a police railcar approaching, they dont know whether justice will be meted out or whether judge, jury, and executioner is pulling up behind them. There was even this one officer who earned the nickname the Mechanic because he would tune people up which apparently is police slang for beating up people. This Mechanic at one tim e testified that the beatings were widespread. When asked the question of weather he beat up people whom he arrested he replied, No. We just beat people up in general. If theyre on the street, hanging around drug locations. JustIt was a show of force (Rothwax,1996). The officer even admitted that the majority of the beating victims were either black or Hispanic although he claimed that the attacks were not motivated by racial tension. There have been very disturbing patterns of corruption and brutality in the police force of almost every high-crime area studied.These corrupt acts include stealing from drug dealers, engaging in unlawful searches, seizures, and car stops, even dealing and using drugs. If instances like this is what our police force has come down to then our country is far worse off then I ever realized. I do til now believe that this is probably a much smaller percentage than what some statistics would lead us to believe but it is not a problem that I believe can be overlooked. So what can be done? Can something be done? Are we as a country so far gone(a) that we can come back? I believe we can. I believe that we have become to far separate from the union. We have to link the gap that has grown between law enforcement/the criminal justice system and the public lower class people. How do we do that? The thing we need most is perspective (Walker, 1980). One thing that could be the answer to our problem is community ground policing. In Canada they passed the Police Services Act of 1990 that might be a good reference for our current agencies to look back on. What the Police Services Act did was make the Chief of Police responsible for community-oriented policing (Kuck, 2004).Community based policing is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows the police and community to work together in new ways to solve problems of crime, disorder and safety. It really plainly has two elements changing the methods and practice of the polic e and taking steps to establish a relationship between the police and the public (Groenewald, 2004). The Philosophy of community based policing is based off of the idea that the public has a right to give their input on policing. It also relies on the idea that to find a solution for community problems both the police and the public must look past individual crimes and incidents, and instead try to find ways of confronting the more important community problems. What does community based policing look like though?Community based police officers need to be much more than mere crime fighters and must be public servants in many ways. Reforming the police alone, however, is not enough. Community support and assistance are also necessary. Community based policing therefore encompasses strategies to orient the public who, forgood reasons, have been leery and distrustful of the police. Building partnerships between the police and communities is a major challenge that not many people or org anizations have every really attempted. The philosophy of community based policing asks both the police and the public to take a leap of faith and a trueness to change. It would be a long process that would require drastic action to be taken at multiple levels meaning that there would be dilate planning necessary to turn philosophy into reality within the police and among the public.There was a study where Kuotsia Tom Liou from the University of Central Florida and Eugene G. Savage from Florida State University looked at the impact of community policing by looking at three neighborhoods in West Palm Beach, Florida before and after the implementation of a community oriented policing program. Lets take a look at what they found. They had 3 communities with the first consisting of mainly white residents, mainly atomic number 53-family homes, apartments, and small businesses. The second community was primarily black consisting of a concentrated public housing project, single family h omes, apartments, small businesses, several churches, and a public middle school. The last community consisted of whites, Hispanics, blacks, and Haitians. The community was made up of single family homes, apartments, small businesses, and several churches. It was their goal to find out how community policing affects difference types of communities.The results of their study showed that after the community based policing had been going on sixty-eight percent of surveyed citizens entangle that crime had decreased. All age groups, race groups, and all three neighborhoods shared the belief that crime had decreased. Even if the crime rates had not gone down in reality it would still really help relations with police officers just that the citizens believe it had. In addition to the feeling like crime had gone down they also asked in their survey how they felt about the relationship after six months of the community policing.Among the respondents to the survey eighty-eight percent felt t hat the relationship between the police and their communities as getting better. We started this paper with the question of is the criminal justice system bias. We talked about the relationship between law enforcement and the public. We talked about one of the possibilities of how we could rebuild that relationship. We then looked at some research where a relationship was made better by use of community policing.Hopefully we can use research like this to help make this world a more perfect world.Reference PageCole, D. (2000). No equal justice, race and class in the american criminal justice system. New York New Press, The.Rothwax, H. (1996). Guilty The collapse of criminal justice. New York Random House.Walker, S. (1980). Popular justice. New York Oxford University Press.Kuck, H. (2004). Racial insolence and consciousness trilogy Addressing hate crime and racial discord through community policing. Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services. Dec. 2004 243. Criminal Justice Col lection. Web. 29 Oct. 2012.Groenewald, H. and Peake, G. (2004). Police Reform through Community-Based Policing. New York.Liou, Kuotsai. and Savage, Eugene. (1996). Citizen perception of community policing impact.

Benedict Arnold Essay

benedict Arnold was a Revolutionary Hero that had a big presume on winning the war. He had boosted human beingsy of the soldiers moral during the war with his successful raids. Moral could be considered a reason for the Americans winning the war be get to it kept them sledding through there up and d stimulates. To begin my essay, Ill start it with a brief summary on Arnold, so the reader will understand who he really was. benedict Arnold was born on January 14,1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. His ancestors William Arnold and his family who left England because of religious persecution were the original Arnolds in New England. Arnolds family background was hale regard and was know to have some wealth.Arnold received his education at Canterbury. Benedict was a romantic, adventurous, excessively proud and sensitive, ruled by impulse rather hence principal. Arnold was employed at a drug store in Norwich until 1762,where he moved to New Haven establishing himself in business. He own ed a spacious amount of land, was involved in the West India Trade and sometimes counterbalance commanding his own ships. On February22nd, 1767 he married Margaret Mansfield. With Margaret he had three sons, Benedict, Richard, and Henry. Benedicts wife died on June 19th 1775.George Washington gravidly liked Benedict Arnold and self-confidenceed him a lot, so he let Arnold and Ethan aloneen try to obtrude upon Canada. The conditions were harsh and those conditions set a big problem for Arnold. Some Arnolds men left and took many of the supplies they had to survive only when he still had kept his men industrial-strength. The main problem toward Arnolds soldiers was the rain, snow, mud and especially hunger. Benedict finally reached St. Lawrence with 600 of his men, and he was commended for his success. Arnold tried to mystify Quebec, but heavy rainstorms prevented Arnold and his army to move for three days.He then led two-attack n these two forts Ticonderoga and Crown Point, which Arnold had captured. These two successful captures had boost moral and many men authorisation to keep on fighting. Benedict Arnold even made the British retreat when they attempted to attack Connecticut.Later on Benedict volunteered to take control of garrison Schuyler. He tricked the British into thinking he was coming with an army force of hundreds of thousands American Soldiers, when in reality he only had about a thousand. He then entered the fort and it was empty. Arnold signed the Oath of Allegiance to his inelegant on May 30th, 1778. Arnold signed it at Artillery Park in Valley Forge. afterwards getting rid of the British in Philadelphia, Washington gave Benedict the command of the city.By May of 1779 Arnold began bargaining with the British. Arnold was offered over 10,000 pounds and a commission in the British Army. The bounty Arnold had put up was West Point. Arnold began conversing with Major John Andre from the British Army. John Andrea was the middleman betwee n Arnold and Sir Henry Clinton regarding the closing of the deal. Andre was sent back to the British lines with some documents in his sock from Arnold. Andre was captured and placed in American custody.After the documents were found, Arnold heard and escaped. John Andre was killed for a spy. The British gave Arnold money, land in Canada, pensions for himself, his wife and kids, and a spot in the British military as a Brigadier General. Arnold then was never given an important military command. Benedict Arnold finally died in 1801.Arnold was a great man who was devoted to his country. He had given all his life, strength and respect for his country but never received any of that back. He was highly made fun of by many people, including Generals and people in congress. He also wasnt getting paid as well either. All those factors had finally broke Arnold and he couldnt take all the disrespect from his amazing accomplishments for the United States. The decision leading him to become know as a traitor shouldnt let his great achievements for the United States of America go to waste.He should have been honored for what he did for his country then disgraced. Arnold was a excellent leader in the continental army, leading to many victories for the United States. His uncommon bravery had really showed a great impression on all the soldiers, boosting their moral philosophy even more. Arnold dedicated himself to the Revolutionary cause, sacrificing family life, health, and financial well-being for a conflict that left him physically crippled, sullied by false accusations, and profoundly alienated from the American cause of liberty.Arnold can be considered one of the best American Generals during the fight for independence. He was very well known for that and respected. Though congress would never give him his merit promotions. Now as we learn about Arnold, we are never taught of what he did but instead of his treasury. Arnold really didnt turn on his country but the coun try had turned on him for not noticing his great achievements for the fight for independence.The only honor that was rewarded to Arnold was the Boot monument where he had fought the Battle of Saratoga. He wasnt rewarded for his great accomplishment but respectable rewarded for a wounded leg. Congress though had never motivated Arnold and always picked on him. Arnold was simple he was a man with great honor who fought for independence and to keep his family name respected.Arnolds father was arrested for over drinking according to Jim Murphy, and his family name had lost much respect. So Arnold a confident, and strong man devoted his life to gain much of his family respect back. He had joined the group called The Freemasons who had requirements to become a memberFrom the first to the last . . . the first condition to be fulfilled is to Have a reputation of unsullied honor and probity. Arnold was hoping to gain much of his respect through his membership in this group but was highly d isrespected. Arnold being the confident men he is, just ignored it and attended the meetings. His own people simply constantly neglected Arnold.Arnold was asked to capture Fort Ticonderoga, so he did what he was told. He had captured the Fort without a fight, but only making the British there to surrender. He was given smallish to no credit for this amazing accomplishment that he led. Allen, a General as well, wrote to congress that he captured the fort without Arnold mentioned much. Allen in his letter as well mentioned other soldiers that didnt do anything over Arnold. After the capture, Allen and his men taking their chance during the situation by looting and partying. Arnold trying to tell congress the trustworthy story was denied. Now Arnold began getting mistreated by congress for all his achievements.As he was then assigned to attack Canada, he did but unsuccessfully. He was wounded but rewarded greatly for his attempt and courage. Arnolds respect began to change. Major Gen eral Horatio Gate gave him control of Crown Point. As commander of the new fort, he had to prevail Lake Champlain. He defended it greatly with a small fleet and army but was unsuccessfully able to keep it. His brilliancy came into play when he retreated perfectly back to the fort saving a lot of men.This accomplishment ranked up Arnold. Washington became to notice and trust Arnold. They were becoming great friends and there trust grew with them. The jealous man by the name of Gates grew as Arnold accomplished many achievements. A letter by Arnolds enemy stating that Arnold being a coward retreated, even though his fleet was bigger then the British. This was all false but people he once trusted started to turn on Arnold. Many started to agree, just to get Arnold the disrespected he didnt deserve.Washington liking Arnold had been trying to promote him for his great commanding on land and water but congress refused. treacherously accusations of Arnold started to come upon him. His o wn people and country were turning on him. Arnold began to question his sacrifices, loyalty and honor.Arnold was offered land, wealth and a military position in the British army, for swap to surrender West Point. Arnold agreed but only because his country turned on him. He would never gain the respect he wanted from his own people, no matter what he did. His own country always humiliated him, even after what he gave to his country. He did many unrecognized accomplishments for the Americans.He won the Battle at Saratoga, which was the biggest turning point in the American Revolution because it finally convinced the French to send troops to our cause, who were a great aid.Benedict Arnold was an outstanding man. He was one of the first to agree with the colonist to go against Britain and one of the first to become a General of the new continental army. He easily captured many forts that boost the American moral and strength. He then was the Commander of West Point but still was consta ntly humiliated by his own people. His plans to gain respect back to his family name, was always failing.The truths of his victories started to become lies. The lies began to play an affect on Arnolds character. He was fed up, so he discrete to take the British offer. The offer was, he would give up West Point for land, wealth and a military position. He took it up for the reason his country mistreated him. A variety of enemies on the American side had insulted and abused him, while others had denied him the credit due to his military skills.

Analysis of Jumanji

In the title sequence, the medicine forebodes something eerie is about to happen. The instruments create a sound similar to a wolf howling. The drum beats whenever the camera focuses on the game or when the game is near. The music imitates many animal sounds. French horns are equivalent elephants. From 13750-13540 (digging out the past soundtrack) the drums beat, then stop, then beat again. so the leitmotiv of French horns to French horns. The drums beat faster as he gets closer.Ritualistic rum sounds from 11935 (mention the meter of the drum beats triple meter), when the drums suddenly stop when they find the game. The drum beats arouse our curiosity about what Is about to happen. It also makes us anxious, apprehensive because of the suspense that It creates. To young children, this may create fear In them, Flutes come In (leitmotif scalar to that of horns). Dissonance, Lots of It. The music gets very unsolved (tremolo? ) when he opens the game set. Drums pound. This drums p ounding motif.It gets louder, crescendo, foreboding omitting ominous. Drums abruptly stop when the game Is found. Cymbals when mosquitoes come, and the French horn leitmotif keeps repeating. Violins violins and harp, consonant sounds, signifying a home feeling, feeling of comfort, The film was an adaptation of a 1981 childrens book of the same have. Thus, some of the music may have been used with kids in mind. Search analysis of James Hornier music httpvindictiveness.

Public bank management Essay

1.IntroductionsThe model of the fiver Competitive Forces was certain by Michael E. Porter that becomes an important tool for analysing an organizations industry structure instrategic processes. This model is applicable to the banking industry. universal money box do compete with the different financial entry in Malaysia, however they also must aid with one another in many respects. There is an underlying problem which is the banks in Malaysia be so similar that there is essentially nothing one of them can do that the others cannot easily duplicate2. Five Forces Analysisa. Threats of new entrantsMalaysia has not put a barrier to entry for any financial institution manly banks in Malaysia, thus making it lite for any financial institution to penetrate into the industry.b. bargain power of suppliers a bank has three suppliers of its product, money1. Its depositors has no bargaining power whatever in reality. If they make time deposits the bank lead set the price or interest r ate it will pay. 2. The credit market the credit market as a source of supply of the raw material, money, is exposed to all at all time if they ar qualified participants. The source of supply can be argued to be infinite. 3. The central bank The Central bank is effectively the resource of last resort. Apparently, at least(prenominal) for the moment, it will continue to supply liquidity to the banking system in virtually unlimited quantities at actually reasonable make up.c. Bargaining power of buyersIn the banking industry, node have has very limited bargaining power. only the customers may option in changing to other banks that they think is walking a better offer than public Bank.c. Threat of substitute productFor the most part there is no real menace of substitute products in the banking industry. However there probably will be continues evolution ofproducts from paper to electronic in coming years. This is an area of capableness competition for whomever banks that cho ose to use it in their function.d. Rivalry among competitorsloosely all banks offer somewhat the same products and services to their customers, thus there is not much note between earth Banks and the other competitors. This is making the competition much higher. existence Bank is actually stratified as the top banks earners in Malaysia in 2009 alongside with Maybank, Bumiputra Commerce, RHB Capital and Hong Leong Bank.3. Table 1 Method utilize to identify opportunity and threat for Public Bank using external environment factors and industrial environment factors.(Factors under industry environment are derived from Porters Five Forces).4. Opportunities1. Economic growth Malaysia had definitely have been more than economically stable and improving, thus financial institution such as Public Bank are needed to aid the overall development of the country. 2. Government policy Encouraging borrowings, loans, investment and consumption demand. 3. Awards and accolades finished recogn ition, Public Bank can project a positive image to their customers 4. Market share Public Bank has the highest market share for the private sector unit trust business, thus having a big customer base.5.Low switching cost Nowadays it is easy for any customer to switch to other banks with just a click away, making the switching cost to be faster and cheaper, making it easy for the customers to switch to Public Bank.5. Threats1. Substitute product/service are availableThere is a potential competition to whomever banks that choose to upgrade their product and services to cater to their customers need. Maybank for example provide a customer friendly interface through their website www.maybank2u.com, and it became the most visited website in Malaysia. 2.Substitute performanceMaybank, Bumiputra Commerce, RHB Capital and Hong Leong Bank are Public Bank competitors and each is recognized for their performance. This will make the competition even higher.3. Customer switching costOther than b eing an opportunity, switching cost can also be a threat for Public Bank as the customers can also easily switch to other financial institution.4. Government heavy& barriersThere are no barriers that the government put for any legal financial institution to give in in the industry, making any new entrants penetrate into the market share easily.5. Exit barriersHigh fail barriers in the industry are making the competition between Public Bank and the other competitors are even higher.6. ConclusionPorter Five Forces Model are used to identify how the forces affect the attractiveness and profitability of Public Bank, and through this forces, the factors that influence these forces are used in the table 1, to identify Public Bank opportunities and threats. By identifying Public Banks industry environment, the company can improve and sustain their product and services for their customer, ultimately improving their performance.

“Blue Remembered Hills” by Dennis Potter Comparison

In this essay I am going to compare my play with two comparatives. The play I performed was a scripted piece c exclusivelyed docile Remembered Hills by Dennis Potter, written in . The other two texts are, My convey give tongue to I never should, by Charlotte Keatley, written in , and personal credit line Brothers by Willy Russell, written in .My exertion was even off in 1943, in the West Country, in the long summer holiday. Naturalistic planetary house was used, however, although it was about the events of seven children, adults play them all. struggle, bullying, abuse, aggression and murder are explored within the play. It was aimed at adults, as the issues it broach were in addressed in great depth, and because it was shown through the naivety of children, children would not understand. The play has historical and g everywherenmental context, and the political affairs of the time dictate the dialogue. The period in which it was set is reflected by the constant references to the War and the Japs. The circumstances of the children, as well as historical background back tooth be seen throughout. For example, when Donald says I be tired out and all, working on those saw mills. I cut me thumb off an all.My Mother said I never should is about four ordinary mothers/daughters and is about the social changes of the twentieth century, spanned over four different dates. It is set in a variety of places according to what best represents the era. It is too naturalistic, relating to my performance. It also incorporates the idea of children dealing with adult issues only not understanding, for instanceRosie Mums got the curse. (Pause) Maybe we did itDoris (Pause) What curse?Rosie The curse.Doris Oh. Yes How dyou know shes got it?Rosie You can tell.Doris How?Rosie Just can. Mums been cross with me all morning.Its also aimed at adults adults play children in the production because they also subscribe to play adults in the production as well as children. In thi s way it was similar to Blue Remembered Hills.Blood Brothers was aimed at a broad audience, adults and children of all classes. It is also naturalistic, but also uses forms such as, level and song. This detracts from reality but makes it more interesting. And adults play the children featured in the play yet again, linking the three pieces of theatre. It is set in the 50s and 60s, in the city for the first act and the country for the second, so it is of a similar era to the other two pieces.In Blue Remembered Hills, there is no indication what class the children are from, but they are expected to be working class, and perhaps Angela may be slightly wealthier than the others. Similar to this is My Mother said I never should as they are middle/working class too. However, in Blood Brothers the two main characters Mickey and Edward are from two contrasting classes upper class, and lower class. There is groom conflict between them, though they are naive due to their age yet again, for example, Edward is referred to as a friggin poshy. It addresses issues such as prejudice, class, money, status, superstition and violence.All three pieces are similar, using adults to play children especially, this is an interesting approach, and allows the dramatist to broach more serious issues and adapt them for families or adults. This may detract from reality but naturalistic movements were used, mimicking children helped present the serious issues further.

Observations of Chemical Changes Essay

Objective This experiment is meant to show how indisputable chemicals react with each other and can be identified by these reactions Procedure Several contrary chemical potpourris were poured into the well plate and observed. These included sodium bicarbonate and hydrochloric acid, bromothymol unconsolable and hydrochloric acid, ammonia and bromothymol blue, hydrochloric acid and blue dye, blue dye and sodium hypochlorite, potassium iodide and lead nitrate, sodium hydrated oxide and phenolphthalein, hydrochloric acid and phenolphthalein, sodium hydroxide and sliver nitrate, ammonia and silver nitrate, and ammonia and copper (II) sulfate. Some mixtures were also placed in the clear(p) or mixed with additional hydrochloric acid or dye.Observation TableQuestions a.) Silver nitrate could tardily be used to test for sodium bicarbonate since it causes the chemical to turn brown. b.) Windex- turns orange with BTB and red with phenolphthalein- sensual Dish soap- turns yellow with BTB and red with phenolphthalein- base Bleach- turns orange with BTB and purple with phenolphthalein- base Scrubbing Bubbles- turns blue with BTB and colour in with phenolphthalein- acid c.) The solution contains no acetum or a very small amount of vinegar because a pink color indicates a basic solution, and vinegar is and acid. d.) The yellow flavor is more vitriolic and the blue flavor is more basic. e.) Combining the mixture with potassium iodide could easily test for the presence of lead. If the mixture contained lead, then the potassium iodide would cause the mixture to turn yellow and thick like a solid. oddment Many chemicals volition produce obvious physical changes when mixed with other chemicals. These mixtures usually result in a change in color or consistency, which can distinguish them from other chemicals. While indisputable chemicals may react the same way with on mixture, testing a chemical with multiple mixtures will most likely allow the chemical to be identified.

Financial Analysis on Coles Myer & Woolworths Essay

IntroductionColes Myer Limited (CML) and Woolworths Limited ( debauch) are two major Australian companies with extensive sell interest and listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. They are Australian public companies which operate a human activity of retail chains.CML is Australias second largest retailer, behind bacchanal. It operates a number of chains of retail outlets which are including Coles Supermarkets, Bi-Lo, Liquorland, plunge n Pay Hypermarket, Kmart, Officeworks, Target, Harris Technology and Coles Express (Wikipedia, 2006) .WOW is underwayly the largest retail troupe in Australia and new-made Zealand by market capitalisation and gross revenue. WOW operates in Australia through several retail banners such as Woolworths and Safeway Supermarkets, BWS, Dan Murphys, BIG W, Dick Smith Power House and Dick Smith Electronics (Wikipedia, 2006) .The purpose of this name is to analyse pecuniary performances of the two publicly listed companies in last 5 years by utilize series of calculation tools include horizontal analysis and monetary balances. Also as a recommendation, we will advise investors to buy or not buy the two companies shares according to the results of the performance analysis.Financial suss out(See Appendix 1 & 2 for proportionality details)1. OverviewThe WOWs revenue has incrementd every year, bingle year as great as 149.90 % in 2005 (see appendix 11 for details). In 2001, revenues were 20915.1 million spell in 2005 revenue has amplificationd to 31352.5 million. Since revenue amplificationd, the net take in patently has increased as well. kale profit rose 84.70% from 2001 to 2005. The Horizontal Analysis (Appendix 11 & 14) indicates WOW is a very successful high society and earning money. CMLs revenue has increased 52% and the net profit rose 314% from 2001 to 2005, the developing was tremendous because it occurred in typical connection with the restructuring of the method of financing a foreign ope proportionalityn ( Financial Report, 2005).2. LiquidityCurrent ratioThis ratio represents the financial liquidity of the compevery. The catameniaratio compares the assets a company fuel quickly alter to cash to the liabilities it must pay in the near term (Vance, D. E. 2003). The higher the ratio, the to a greater extent liquid the company is. For CML, there was a tenuous increase of 0.04 from 2001 to 2002. Then it followed by an obvious fall from 1.37 to 1.09 during period from 2002 to 2005. This represents that one-unit received liabilities is secured by 1.37 units of flow assets in 2002 and 1.09 units, nearly one current asset for one current liability, in 2005. From the perspective of WOW, the ratio starts from 0.81 up to 0.84 indeed declined to 0.81 and finally dropped to 0.82 during this period of time. The current ratios are all slight than one, indicating that one current asset will prepare for the payment of more than one unit current liability. That leads to high liquidity endangerm ent in the business operation. If there is an emergency to WOW, it will encounter the line of work of repayment.Quick ratioQuick ratio is similar with current ratio, but more conservative than current ratio, because in numerator, caudex is excluded from current assets, and in dominator, bank overdraft is excluded from current liabilities. The quick ratio addresses the issue of whether current assets could cover current liabilities if inventory were found to be worth slight (Vance, D. E. 2003). WOW experienced a slight increase from 0.2 to 0.26 in this period of time. In contrast, CML experienced a modest fluctuation and end up with 0.28 in 2005, the lowest one in 5-year time and the highest one is 0.41 in 2003. Generally, the quick ratios of CML exceed the ones of WOW. hard currency flow ratioCash flow ratio will analyse the ability of repayment on current liabilities from the perspective of the operating cash flows. Vance, D. E. (2003) states that it is an separate way to think a bout the risk of in the lead to, or investing in a company. These two companies both experienced a drop on this ratio from 2004 to 2005, 0.35 for WOW and 0.3 for CML in 2005.3. Financial leverageEquity ratio & debt ratioEquity ratio and debt ratio are both designing for capital structure and they are negatively related with to each one other. The cost of equity is higher than the cost of debt, but shareholders will not require companies to repay them dividends and principals any time. However, companies must pay the debt holders interests and principals each year. And increase leverage ratio will result in increasing the return to shareholders, yet at the same time, it will increase the repayment commitments and then raise the risk to company and shareholders.CMLs equity ratio increased to 0.4 and correspondingly debt ratio diminish to 0.15 from 2001 to 2005. Generally it is a sincere trend, even though there has been a decrease in equity ratio in 2005 from 0.45 to 0.40 and an i ncrease in debt ratio from 2004 to 2005, it may be due to the acquisition from US group KKR. However, in 2005, equity is almost three times debt, which means the capital structure is still in good condition.On the other hand, WOW experienced a different trend that its equity ratio has decreased from 0.30 to 0.25, and debt ratio has significantly increased from 0.13 to 0.32 between 2001 and 2005. WOW raised funds heavily on interest-bearing liabilities and consequently takes higher risk than CML due to higher leverage ratio.Times interest earned & immovable charges coverageTimes interest earned ratio examines the ability of the business to meet its regular financial commitments (Harvey, McLaney and Atrill 2001). Fixed charges coverage ratio is very similar to Times interest earned ratio. These two ratios evaluate the profitability of company and the ability of interests and principal repayment. CML experienced a significant increase on these two ratios from 3.48 to 12.04 and from 6 .81 to 16.64, even though there was a slight drop between 2004 and 2005. However, WOW experienced an obvious fall to 11.82 and 12.25 on times interest earned and fixed charges coveragerespectively. In 2005, compared with WOW, CML showed a interrupt financial performance on the ability to repay the interests and principal.Average payment periodCML experienced a decreasing trend on average payment period from 45.29 to 38.69. In contrast, WOW experienced an increase from 19.41 in 2001 to 37.78 in 2003, and a decrease to 34.77 in 2005. Compared with WOW, CML has a longer payment period. It means CML can hold its money more time and do some investments.4. Assets managementSales turnoverThis ratio indicates assets management efficiency that one unit asset can generate how much sales. From the perspective of CML, the sales turnover gradually increased from 2.9 in 2001 to 3.94 in 2005. On the other hand, WOW maintained persistent on about 4.5 sales turnovers. We can see that WOW managed i ts assets more efficiently than CML did.Average inventory turnover periodThis ratio assesses the efficiency of inventory management whether company reduce the inventories as less as possible. The fewer inventories, the more free cash flow company has to invest on other assets. Both WOW and CML experienced a decrease on inventory turnover period from 39.64 to 29.64 and from 59.45 to 41.38 respectively. It indicates that CML managed its inventories less efficiently than WOW did.5. Profitability strike on salesWOW return on sales remained constant, 4% of sales. For CML, it maintainedstable, nearly 2% of sales. Obviously, WOW has a higher operating profit margin, and then a better profitability performance maybe due to the more efficient costs control.Return on assetsIt is used to measure whether assets are being productively employed (Vance, D. E. 2003). This ratio indicates how much profit one unit asset can generate and how profitable company is as a whole. WOW and CML are both in t he increasing trend, 0.17 and 0.1 respectively in 2005. In term of this ratio, it showed that WOW is more profitable than CMLReturn on equity & earning per shareThese two ratios reflect the return to the shareholders and the value increase for the shareholders. WOW and CML both experienced an increase on the return to the shareholders, yet the WOWs increase of the return is more stable than CMLs. In 2005, in term of return on equity, WOW stayed with 37% of the equity, yet CML just 16%.ConclusionThe two companies have been doing quite well in recent years as can be seen from the increasing profitability. The table in Appendix 15 indicates a comparison of the two companies according to the above discussion. CML has a better performance on liquidity and financial leverage but WOW managed Assets and Profitability better than CML.RecommendationsOn 8th September 2006, WOWs closing share price is $20.80 and CML is $13.70. Based on the financial analysis above, we can conclude that WOW has maintained a constant financial performance in last 5 years, but their growth is not rapid. However, Simpson (2006) states that At present Coles Myer is earning a 13 per cent return on capital invested in stores, comparedwith 24 percent by Woolworths. Therefore, I recommend potential investors buy shares from WOW for a short-term. concord to CML news released in March and June, CML had acquired Sydney drug stores Pty Ltd (CML News Release, 2006) and Hedley Hotel Group (CML News Release, 2006). CML will expand the chemists shop business further more and have a different strategy than WOW if the regulations change in the future becomes true. CML also will expand their liquor business to compete WOW as well. Thus, I believe that the potential financial growth of CML will be a lot higher than what it is redress now and I suggest investors put their money on CML for a long-term investment.References1.Wikipedia 2006, Coles Myer Ltd, Wikipedia Free author Organization, viewed 10 Septe mber 20062.Wikipedia 2006, Woolworths Ltd, Wikipedia Free Source Organization, viewed 10 September 20063.Financial Report, 2005, Coles Myer Ltd., pp 194.Vance, D.E. 2003, Financial Analysis and finale Making, McGraw-Hill, United States of America5.Harvey, D, McLaney, E and Atrill P 2001, Accounting for business, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford6.Simpson, K. 2006, Market waits for higher Coles bit, The Age, 8 September 2006, preliminary page of Business Section7.News Release 2006, Coles Myer Acquires Pharmacy Direct, Coles Myer Ltd., 31 March 20068.News Release 2006, Hedley Hotel erudition Complete, Coles Myer Ltd., 14 June 2006